試題公告
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臺北市
113 學年度市立國民中學正式教師聯合甄選
英文科題本
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這是臺北市 113 學年度市立國民中學正式教師聯合甄選英文
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壹、教育專業科目
選擇題（共
40 題，每題 0.75 分，共 30 分）
1. 現行《特殊教育法》中所訂定之資賦優異類別，不包含以下何類？
(A)學術性向資賦優異
(B)創造能力資賦優異
(C)科技能力資賦優異
(D)領導能力資賦優異
2. 雙語教育的推動是近年來重要教育政策之一，以下關於雙語教育的敘述，何者正
確？
(A)雙語教育中的目標語言是英語
(B)雙語教育在國中階段的政策目標為重點培育雙語人才
(C)雙語教育是以全英語教授不同學科內容
(D)雙語教育必須進行學科內容與英語文的評量
3. 對於校園性別事件通報及調查處理程序，下列何者為非？
(A)20日內以書面通知申請或檢舉人是否受理
(B)學校3個工作日內需召開性別平等教育委員會
(C)學校接獲申請調查或檢舉後，12小時內進行校安通報
(D)不服處理結果，申請人及行為人可於20日內向學校提出申復，以1次為限
4. 關於臺北市積極推展普通班與特教班共融教育，以下措施何者為非？
(A)逐年提高特教預算占比
(B)增加特教學生助理員服務時間
(C)業界合作提供特教生實作管道，提升就業機會
(D)完備校園資訊設備並建置網路平台
5. 現行《國民中學及國民小學實施課程評鑑參考原則》中載明的「同一學習階段內各
教學單元／主題彼此間符合順序性、繼續性及統整性之課程組織原則」係屬於下列
哪一個評鑑重點？
(A)邏輯關連
(B)素養導向
(C)內容結構
(D)學習效益
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6. 為落實《國民體育法》、《特殊教育法》、《身心障礙者權利公約施行法》等相關
法規，以及確保身心障礙族群的運動平等權，我國積極倡議學校推動適應體育課
程。關於適應體育的精神與理念，下列哪一項敘述有誤？
(A)適應體育是適合「所有人」的體育活動
(B)最理想的適應體育進行方式為「抽離式」體育課程
(C)只要透過合理的調整，身心障礙學生也能參與校園中常見的運動項目
(D)透過特教和體育老師的合作，先了解特殊生的學習特質和需求，才能設計出合
適的適應體育課程
7. 當前教育部的《推動中小學數位學習精進方案》下有三項子計畫，除「教育大數據
分析」和「行動載具與網路提升」外，尚包括下列何者？
(A)數位學伴
(B)數位內容充實
(C)生生用平板
(D)Cool
English
8. 臺北市於112年12月發布《臺北市教育政策白皮書》，在提升中等及後中等教育的
推動策略中，其中一項為「完善國際化環境氛圍，打造接軌國際友善校園」。下列
何者不是推動此項策略的行動方案？
(A)建置全英語的國際化校園環境
(B)推展深耕國際教育輔導認證措施
(C)拓展多元國際課程模式與升學管道
(D)協助學校建立國際教育專責推動單位及窗口
9. 今年4月29日修正公告的《身心障礙及資賦優異學生鑑定辦法》第二十二條規定，
對於身心障礙及處於離島、偏遠地區，或因經濟、文化或族群致需要協助之資賦優
異學生之鑑定，下列辦理方式何者為非？
(A)得因應學生身心特質及其需求、文化差異、族群特性或地區限制，彈性調整鑑
定程序
(B)學生參與特殊教育學生鑑定無法適用既有評量工具時，應依其個別需求，調整
評量工具之內容或分數採計方式
(C)學生參與特殊教育學生鑑定無法適用既有評量工具時，應依其個別需求，改以
其他評量項目進行評估
(D)必要時得延長鑑定期程，並邀請申請者之家長參與各級主管機關特殊教育學生
鑑定及就學輔導會臨時會議
10. 現行《十二年國民基本教育課程綱要》中所訂定的四項總體課程目標，不包含下列
何項？
(A)陶養生活知能
(B)涵育公民責任
(C)啟發生命潛能
(D)培養合作精神
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11. 臺北市近年推動實驗教育頗具成效，以下對於完善實驗教育的敘述何者錯誤？
(A)學生的學科基礎能力能達平均水平
(B)各校實驗教育應有相同特色與重點
(C)實驗教育的成果可以分享推廣
(D)實驗教育的目的不是為了招生
12. 依據113年2月5日修正《學校訂定教師輔導與管教學生辦法注意事項》，教師基於
導引學生發展之考量，衡酌學生身心狀況後，得採取一般管教措施。下列何者屬於
違法的處罰措施？
(A)限制參加正式課程以外之學校活動
(B)在教室內適當調整座位
(C)經其他教師同意，於行為當日，暫時轉送其他班級學習
(D)站立反省一次超過一堂課，一日累計超過兩小時
13. 根據《臺北市高級中等以下學校生成式AI工具輔助教師教學指引》，生成式AI工
具在教學輔助上運用層面，下列何者有誤？
(A)出試題
(B)產出完整教學計畫
(C)製作教學或學習素材 (D)檢測答案正確性
14. 有關行動學習中的「四學模式」，下列何者正確？
(A)能展現出學生自主學習 (B)平板是不可或缺的學習工具
(C)包括導學、自學、共學、群學 (D)採用教學影片進行自學與共學
15 . 某國中新住民學生比率佔30%，學校社會領域教師在規劃彈性學習課程時，邀請藝
術領域教師與資訊科技教師共備，並以聯合國永續發展目標
10「減少國內及國家間
的不平等」做為課程設計的核心概念，課程最後要求學生以行動劇倡議新住民多元
文化尊重，並製作成影片在校慶時播放。由於學生第一次製作行動劇與影片，授課
教師於是一步一步示範製作影片與演出的步驟。從上述彈性學習課程的描述，下列
哪一項內涵未能呈現？
(A)跨領域 (B)探究學習 (C)議題融入
(D)素養學習
16. 公開授課已成為教師教學專業分享與成長的重要取徑，某國中自然領域張老師在領
域共備時著重討論探究學習的策略與教學設計；在說課時希望觀課教師能針對探究
策略與學生的學習表現進行仔細觀察；在議課時希望大家針對探究學習策略的使用
適切與否進行討論。張老師的公開授課較屬於下列何者？
(A)教師專業發展評鑑 (B)教師主導的教學觀察
(C)學習共同體的「授業研究」 (D)學生為學習主體的教學觀察
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17. 設計思考的探究學習，與其他探究學習模式不同之處為何？
(A)提出問題 (B)進行反思
(C)同理使用者 (D)提出問題的解法
18. 某國中在七、八年級各安排了一節「社團」課程，在十二年國民基本教育的課程架
構中，這個「社團」課程是屬於下列何者？
(A)正式課程與潛在課程 (B)正式課程與顯著課程
(C)非正式課程與實有課程
(D)非正式課程與懸缺課程
19. 教師在進行素養導向教學實踐時，常會以各種策略工具，例如心智圖、ORID、九
宮格等網絡圖像策略，來幫助學生學習。這些工具或策略，與下列概念內涵何者無
關？
(A)交互教學
(B)探究教學
(C)學習評量
(D)自主學習
20. 某國中英語文領域詹老師在第一次定期考結束後，以統計軟體進行試題分析，並在
領域會議進行報告。下表是詹老師所陳述的試題分析結果，請根據表格中的資料，
回答下列問題：
某國中
112 學年度九年級下學期英語文領域第一次定期考試結果分析：
1.參與對象：九年級 100 位學生
2.試卷平均通過率為 80%
3.與前一次模擬考相同範圍的題目，相關數值為 0.75
表格中呈現出理想試卷的參考數值，由此觀之，關於這份試卷的敘述何者為真？
(A)常模參照測驗
(B)效標參照測驗
(C)百分等級計分
(D)學生分數呈常態分配
21. 鍾老師將環河單車活動結合聯合國永續發展目標，進行戶外教育的課程設計。下列
鍾老師的教學作法中，何者最符合
David Kolb的體驗教學學習圈的實施方式？
(A)先教導學生聯合國永續目標的內容，再讓學生進行單車環河騎乘活動
(B)先讓學生進行單車環河騎乘，接著讓學生在活動中觀察、反思，提出問題
(C)先讓學生反思並挑選與活動相關的聯合國永續發展目標，再進行實地觀察
(D)先讓學生蒐集河流生態的資料，具備問題意識，再進行單車環河騎乘與反思
22. 教師在進行素養導向課程設計時，通常需要掌握素養目標、對應目標的表現任務與
評量規準，然後逆向回推設計課程，並注重學生學習的歷程與所用的學習策略。下
列何者與素養導向課程設計的概念無關？
(A)回歸基本的政策
(B)任務學習的取向
(C)成效本位的教育
(D)重理解的課程設計
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23. 七年級的王老師在進行彈性學習課程時，帶領學生踏查、探索校園，學生從中發現
學校有許多環境問題，例如：籃球架過於老舊、校園貓咪流竄、廁所衛生紙消耗太
快等問題，接著學生進行小組探究問題的確定，並研議解決的方法，最後透過授課
教師向學校總務處提出解決的方案。王老師使用了下列哪些取向的教學？
甲：問
題導向，乙：目標導向，丙：系統思考，丁：公民行動。
(A)甲乙
(B)乙丙
(C)丙丁
(D)丁甲
24. 有些老師改考卷時會有不自覺的傾向，例如，林老師打分數嚴格，鄭老師打分數寬
鬆，而杜老師批改容易打中間值分數。某次學校定期考試，由上述三位老師批改全
校
15班的問答題。三位老師的閱卷分數 ，可能產生什麼問題？
(A)預測效度
(B)內容效度
(C)評分者信度
(D)內部一致性信度
25. 老師在批改作文或是申論題時，最好不要知道被批改的學生是誰，這是因為要避免
下列何種效應？
(A)遺留效應
(B)月暈效應
(C)霍桑效應
(D)比馬龍效應
26. 處於科技文明躍升、知識大量產出和知識快速傳播世代的教師，下列何者是教師最
需要擁有的能力或觀念？
(A)系統的領域專業知識
(B)展現運算思維的科技能力
(C)維持住自己是知識權威的來源 (D)不斷探究學習的價值觀與能力
27. 有關檔案評量，下列何者錯誤？
(A)有利於學生學習軌跡的看見與追蹤，更凸顯總結性評量的作用
(B)以學生學習為本的評量，對學生整體學習做分析，以質性為主
(C)學生透過定期的反思與對學習的調整，更容易負起學習的責任
(D)宜有評量規準，以供學生在歷程中和最後的作品或成果做選擇
28. 某國中音樂課鄭老師規定期末每位男女同學必須會吹奏口琴才及格，請問他最可能
違反了下列英哲皮德思（
R. S. Peters）的何項教育規準？
(A)合法性
(B)合價值性
(C)合自願性
(D)合理性
29. 某國中表演藝術課莊老師以學生學期間參與課堂活動的情形作為評量學期成績的
主要依據，請問他是採取下列何種評量方式？
(A)形成性評量
(B)診斷性評量
(C)總結性評量
(D)安置性評量
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30. 一群學生到郊外玩，經過果園，一時興起決定偷摘芒果，當大夥正體驗緊張刺激的
興奮感時，有四位學生卻只站在田埂旁觀看。東窗事發後學務處老師詢問他們未參
與偷摘芒果的理由。根據柯柏格（
L. Kohlberg）的理論，下列哪位同學的道德發展
處於道德循規期（
conventional level）？
小花：「我不想惹麻煩
!」
小路：「萬一被逮個正著，很丟臉
! 學校老師會認為我是壞孩子。」
小美：「農夫很辛苦，偷摘會讓農夫傷心，而且對他們不公平。」
小銘：「我不喜歡吃芒果，摘它對我又沒好處
!」
(A)小花 (B)小路 (C)小美
(D)小銘
31. 有關維高思基（L. Vygotsky）對發展與學習的主張，下列何者有誤？
(A)參與真實的文化活動對兒童認知發展至關重要
(B)語言發展是內化複雜概念的關鍵
(C)學生是學習的主體，教師必須根據兒童認知發展階段實施教學
(D)認知發展是藉由心理工具的幫助，逐漸將外在經驗內化至認知系統
32. 八年級學生小楷正為國中教育會考提前準備，他每天晚上在書房利用番茄鐘app管
理學習效率。當完成學習清單，他自我評估滿意後就可以喝飲料、吃點心，或看短
影音來自我慶賀，請問下列何者最適當描述小楷目前的行為？
(A)自我效能（self-efficacy）
(B)自我調整（self-regulation）
(C)自我實現（self-actualization）
(D)自我應驗（self-fulfilling）
33. 阿諾第二次段考表現欠佳，有些沮喪。老師與他晤談，阿諾清楚表示：「這次段考
剛好遇到社團要表演，比起第一次段考投入課業的心力明顯不足，因此表現不理
想，會積極努力提前準備第三次段考」
。根據溫納（
B.Weiner）的歸因理論（attribution
theory），阿諾對自己學習失敗的歸因是屬於下列何種？
(A)穩定-內在-不可控制
(B)不穩定-內在-可控制
(C)穩定-外在-不可控制
(D)不穩定-內在-不可控制
34. 九年級的小敏為班上同學製作畢業回顧影片時，發現只要滿足「與個人有關的重要
事件」，以及「情緒較強烈」兩個條件，同學們都很快速浮現生動的記憶，但訊息
細節未必完全精準。請問這是下列哪一種記憶效應？
(A)初始效應（primacy effect）
(B)新近效應（recency effect）
(C)閃光燈效應（flashbulb effect）
(D)雷斯多夫效應（von Restorff effect）
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35. 賴老師用心經營班級，常主動瞭解學生課外生活，他發現喜歡觀賞社會寫實影劇或
重度玩暴力電動遊戲的學生，會高估暴力事件在真實世界中發生的機率，並降低對
他人的信任，甚至過度憂慮自己成為暴力事件受害者的可能。這些媒介效果會塑造
閱聽人的世界觀所造成的效應，可用下列哪種媒體理論來解釋？
(A)社會學習理論（social learning theory）
(B)涵化理論（cultivation theory）
(C)使用與滿足理論（use and gratification theory）
(D)基本心理需求理論（basic psychological needs theory）
36. 物理課張老師透過實驗，讓學生驗證某項物理學說的真偽，請問他是採取下列何種
真理標準？
(A)符合說（correspondence theory）
(B)融貫說（coherence theory）
(C)效用說（utility theory）
(D)天啟說（revelation theory）
37. 關於「習得無助感」（learned helplessness）的敘述，下列何者正確？
(A)將失敗歸因於個人的能力與責任所導致
(B)指個體面對挑戰情境時的一種積極心態，當持續努力不懈，卻事與願違時產生
的情感反應
(C)通常是經由古典制約的高層制約歷程而習得
(D)個體因長期擁有成功經驗，突然遇到挫折時無法適應，暫時形成害怕失敗的心
理反應
38. 政府對於身心障礙學生參加高級中等學校免試入學者，其超額比序總積分加計25%
的措施，屬於下列亞理斯多德（
Aristotle）的何種正義概念？
(A)補償性正義（Corrective Justice）
(B)分配性正義（Distributive Justice）
(C)修復式正義（Restorative Justice）
(D)水平式正義（Horizontal Justice）
39. 下列何者為負增強（negative reinforcement）歷程？
(A)以撤離嫌惡刺激為手段來增加受歡迎行為的反應頻率
(B)提供飽足的正強化物，讓當事人因厭煩而消弱行為
(C)給予喜愛的負強化物，以增加正向行為發生的機率
(D)當不受歡迎的行為發生時，施予嫌惡刺激來減少不當行為發生率
40. 老師教導小威A > B > C，小威可推導C < B < A。根據皮亞傑（J. Piaget）的認知發
展理論，小威表現出下列哪一種思考特徵？
(A)遞移思考
(B)可逆性思考
(C)推論的實在
(D)具序列的觀念
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貳、專業科目
選擇題（共
40 題，每題 1.75 分，共 70 分）
I. Vocabulary
41. Jason, a __________ in biotechnology, constantly challenges conventional practices
with groundbreaking approaches.
(A) conformist
(B) tirade
(C) disciple
(D) maverick
42. Recognizing the new policy's excessive constraints, the administration chose to
__________ it, returning to the former guidelines.
(A) ratify
(B) rescind
(C) apprise
(D) aver
43. In contrast to her introverted sister, Emma is quite ____________, often seeking out
social interactions.
(A) diffident
(B) extraneous
(C) gregarious
(D) reticent
44. The nation issued a stern warning, stating that it would __________ with full force in
response to any aggression near its borders.
(A) retaliate
(B) concede
(C) mitigate
(D) revere
45. The city street was __________ with the sounds of honking cars, shouting vendors, and
bustling crowds.
(A) serene
(B) meticulous
(C) cacophonous
(D) pristine
46. The sudden blackout caused __________ in the crowded stadium, with people running
to find exits and reunite with their friends.
(A) serendipity
(B) mayhem
(C) equilibrium
(D) blasphemy
47. Try as he may, he can't fully mask some of the __________ "we're going to teach you
something" nature of the dialogue, even if what it's conveying is historical information
that most people don't know.
(A) indigent
(B) didactic
(C) clandestine
(D) vulnerable
48. Sir Michael Vincent Levey was an English art historian. With his sharp eye for human
traits and , his remarks about friends and colleagues were delightfully piquant,
and generally warm if sometimes critical or satirical.
(A) dregs
(B) foibles
(C) tyros
(D) rifts
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49. As a leader, I would even say that I myself am often when holding a meeting.
I must apologize to you all for my bad habits. I should not focus on things that are not
important.
(A) indigenous
(B) prudent
(C) fervent
(D) garrulous
50. Pretentious and both mean "given to outward display," but there are subtle
differences in their meanings. The former suggests an appearance of importance not
justified by a thing's value or a person's standing. However, the latter is the biggest
show-off, stressing the vanity of the display.
(A) ostentatious
(B) eminent
(C) mundane
(D) caustic
51. Kathleen will never plan such a trip for people whose preferences and she
doesn't know so well even though she is an experienced tour guide; the potential for
catastrophic error is too high.
(A) debris
(B) progeny
(C) charlatans
(D) peccadilloes
52. Basketball hero LeBron James is the NBA's all-time top scorer. He surpassed 8,000 in
the 2022/2023 season, and he has set about adding to that mark already in 2023/2024.
LeBron James holds the record for playoff points and also has a slew of .
(A) sermons
(B) rants
(C) accolades
(D) salvation
53. In that movie, Benson plays a man who is too weak to stand up for his
opponents.
(A) pusillanimous
(B) gallant
(C) brazen
(D) raucous
54. Appearing onstage in dresses, flowing suits and shiny space gear, David Bowie undid
gender conventions with ease. He changed his look and his sound from one
album to the next, leading critics to question his authenticity and interviewers to wonder
about his true self.
(A) fatal
(B) menial
(C) slovenly
(D) insouciant
55. On the way to my office, I met Craig Finch. He then asked me more questions,
like where I lived in New Jersey and what my favorite class at Duke had been and why.
(A) banal
(B) malleable
(C) frail
(D) livid
56. The school board whose president, a Silicon Valley millionaire, is dead set on giving the
school an Alumni Hall of Fame. "When I call myself a visionary, I don't mean that in a
grandiose way," he says, before outlining a desire to build a "Hall of Fame"
showcasing the school's mostly unimpressive alumni.
(A) nefarious
(B) vitriolic
(C) quixotic
(D) bogus
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57. Someone Mr. Johnson for having given up on a litany of policy changes
conservatives had championed, adding, "He's going to lose support."
(A) acclaimed
(B) excoriated
(C) touted
(D) saluted
58. Hugo, not a pious figure but a Republican and political one—the voice, in fact, of
the populace—made the cathedral the quintessential French romantic setting.
(A) rapacious
(B) felicitous
(C) impious
(D) circuitous
59. The government does have a plan to build affordable and decent housing, but past
upgrading projects have not met the demand.
(A) decapitating
(B) diminishing
(C) burgeoning
(D) maiming
II. Cloze
Michael Jackson (1958-2009): A Luminary of Music and Dance
Michael Jackson, revered as the "King of Pop," mesmerized global audiences with his
groundbreaking music, innovative choreography, and revolutionary music videos. Throughout
his illustrious career, Jackson sold over 750 million albums, reshaping popular culture and
establishing unparalleled standards in the entertainment industry. Despite his monumental
success, 60.
The 1982 album "Thriller," featuring seminal tracks such as "Billie Jean," "Beat It," and
"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'," epitomizes Jackson's artistic virtuosity. According to
Guinness World Records, "Thriller" remains the best-selling album of all time. Jackson's
distinctive 61. —including a single sequined glove and abbreviated trousers—accentuated
his electrifying dance moves, culminating in the iconic "moonwalk," a maneuver that seemed
to defy the laws of physics.
Born in Gary, Indiana, in 1958, Jackson 62. on his musical journey at age five with
his brothers in the Jackson 5. The group achieved meteoric success, with their first four
singles topping the pop charts in 1970. As the group's standout performer, Michael's stage
presence and vocal prowess captivated audiences, resonating with a diverse demographic and
transcending racial divides. In the 1970s, the Jackson 5 rebranded as the Jacksons, and
Michael launched a solo career, releasing "Off the Wall" in 1979. His subsequent album,
"Thriller," not only became the best-selling album of all time but also garnered eight Grammy
Awards. Jackson's strategic use of music videos as a promotional tool led to visually and
narratively complex productions, solidifying his status as a cultural icon.
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In 1985, Jackson co-authored "We Are the World," a charity single aimed at alleviating
famine in Africa, which raised millions of dollars. His 1987 album "Bad" produced five
number-one hits, further entrenching his iconic status. However, Jackson's life was marred by
personal challenges, including 63. behavior, numerous cosmetic surgeries, and financial
difficulties. Allegations of sexual abuse in 1993 and a highly publicized trial in 2005, where
he was acquitted, compounded his troubles. Despite these challenges, Jackson continued to
produce influential music with albums such as "Dangerous," "HIStory," and "Invincible."
Jackson's personal life was tumultuous, marked by brief marriages to Lisa Marie Presley
and Deborah Rowe, and ongoing controversies. He spent considerable time abroad before
planning a comeback tour in London. Tragically, he succumbed to cardiac arrest on June 25,
2009, days before the tour's commencement. His death elicited a global outpouring of grief,
with fans and fellow artists commemorating his profound influence on music and culture.
Michael Jackson's legacy is indelibly etched in the annals of popular culture. His enduring
impact on music and dance continues to inspire generations, solidifying his place as an
extraordinary talent with unparalleled contributions.
60. (A) Jackson's personal life was marked by significant achievements and triumphs.
(B) Jackson's professional journey was characterized by seamless transitions and
consistent acclaim.
(C) Jackson's artistic endeavors were met with universal acclaim and adoration.
(D) Jackson's personal life was plagued by significant adversities and controversies.
61. (A) attire
(B) manner
(C) demeanor
(D) conduct
62. (A) continued
(B) pursued
(C) commenced
(D) embarked
63. (A) eccentric
(B) flamboyant
(C) reserved
(D) conventional
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III. Reading Comprehension
（
A）
1
Horses possess a remarkable visual anatomy finely tuned for survival in their natural
environment. Their large, laterally positioned eyes grant them a panoramic field of view
exceeding 350 degrees, complemented by horizontally elongated pupils that enable monitoring
from multiple angles simultaneously. Critical components within their eyes include optic
nerves for transmitting visual data, retinas housing specialized photoreceptor cells, and a visual
cortex processing these stimuli.
2
The equine visual system serves crucial functions vital for their daily activities and
survival strategies. Despite limited binocular vision compared to humans, it aids in depth
perception and distance estimation, crucial during locomotion and spatial awareness.
Monocular vision, predominant in horses, allows comprehensive monitoring of surroundings
and threat detection from various angles. Their exceptional peripheral vision aids in early threat
detection, crucial for survival in the wild. Additionally, their high density of rod cells grants
enhanced low-light vision, beneficial during dim light conditions like dawn, dusk, and
nighttime activities.
3
Equine visual perception is finely tuned to support their survival. Their acute motion
detection ability aids in swiftly identifying predators and dangers. While they have dichromatic
vision with limited color discrimination, they can differentiate certain colors, especially blues
and greens, aiding in food identification and terrain assessment. Rapid visual information
processing contributes to their innate flight response, ensuring quick reactions to threats and
survival in challenging situations.
64. What key adaptation of equine visual perception is mentioned in the passage?
(A) Enhanced color discrimination
(B) Limited motion detection ability
(C) Acute motion detection ability
(D) Diminished low-light vision
65. Which type of vision is predominantly discussed in the passage as aiding horses in
detecting threats and monitoring their environment from various angles?
(A) Binocular vision
(B) Monocular vision
(C) Trichromatic vision
(D) Peripheral vision
66. How does the structure of horse eyes contribute to their wide-angle vision?
(A) Through vertically elongated pupils
(B) Through a high density of rod cells
(C) Through laterally positioned eyes and horizontally elongated pupils
(D) Through a limited field of view
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（
B）
1
Japan faces a profound challenge with its aging population, driven by declining birth
rates and longer life expectancies. This shift has far-reaching implications across the economy,
society, and culture, demanding urgent attention and innovative solutions.
2
A striking aspect of Japan's aging crisis is its rapidly shrinking workforce. With fewer
young workers due to declining births and a significant segment of the population nearing
retirement age, the country faces a shortage that strains pensions, healthcare, and industries
reliant on robust labor. Additionally, this demographic change also brings social and cultural
challenges. Traditional family structures, where multiple generations lived together and cared
for elders, are evolving as younger generations pursue careers and urban lifestyles.
Consequently, this shift impacts caregiving dynamics, housing, and support networks.
Economically, Japan's aging population leads to reduced productivity and innovation, thereby
slowing economic growth. Moreover, the strain on healthcare and social welfare escalates with
surging demands for elder care services and facilities. Therefore, comprehensive policies
promoting workforce participation, innovation, and support for aging individuals and families
are imperative.
3
Embracing technological advancements like robotics and AI offers a solution to offset
labor shortages, enhance productivity, improve healthcare, and support independent living
among older adults. Investment in research and development in these fields promises long-term
benefits for Japan. Furthermore, reimagining social structures is critical in addressing the aging
crisis, encouraging flexible work arrangements, active aging initiatives, and community-based
care models that empower older adults while alleviating pressure on healthcare and social
services. Leveraging Japan's cultural heritage and strong community ties can foster
intergenerational solidarity through initiatives promoting intergenerational exchange,
volunteerism, and mentorship, thereby bridging generational gaps and creating a more
inclusive society where all ages contribute meaningfully.
4
Japan's aging population necessitates a holistic approach. Through technological
innovation, revamped social structures, and fostering intergenerational solidarity, Japan can
navigate this demographic shift towards a sustainable and inclusive future. The challenge is
significant, but with proactive policies and concerted efforts, Japan can turn aging into an
opportunity for growth and renewal.
67. How does the changing family structure in Japan impact caregiving dynamics?
(A) It leads to decreased need for professional caregivers.
(B) It necessitates more community-based care models.
(C) It results in fewer caregiving responsibilities for family members.
(D) It creates challenges due to fewer family members available for support.
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68. Which strategy is recommended to mitigate the economic impact of Japan's aging crisis,
based on the passage?
(A) Reducing healthcare spending to reallocate funds.
(B) Implementing a combination of traditional and modern caregiving methods.
(C) Investing in emerging technologies like robotics and AI to boost productivity.
(D) Increasing retirement age to encourage older adults to stay in the workforce.
69. Based on the passage, which chart accurately represents the trend in Japan's workforce
and population distribution over the past 30 years?
Age
Distribution
of
Japan's Population (1994-2024)
(A)
Age Distribution of Japan's Population (1994-2024)
(B)
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Population Growth of Japan (1994-2024)
Elderly Population Growth (65+ Years) (1994-2024)
(D)
Year
Population Growth Rate (%)
1994 14
1999 18
2004 22
2009 25
2014 27
2019 29
2024 32
70. Based on the passage, what inference can be made regarding the effectiveness of
traditional caregiving methods compared to technological solutions in addressing
specific challenges related to Japan's aging population crisis?
(A) Traditional caregiving methods are equally effective as technological solutions in
addressing all challenges of Japan's aging population.
(B) Traditional caregiving methods are more effective than technological solutions in
supporting aging individuals and families across various aspects.
(C) Technological solutions have a significant advantage over traditional caregiving
methods in addressing certain challenges of Japan's aging population crisis.
(D) Both traditional caregiving methods and technological solutions are equally
ineffective in addressing the challenges specific to Japan's aging population crisis.
(C)
Year
Population Growth Rate (%)
1994 1.0
1999 0.8
2004 0.5
2009 0.2
2014 0.1
2019 0.0
2024 -0.1
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（
C）
1
Huge stretches of coral reef around the world are turning a ghostly white this year amid
record warm ocean temperatures. On April 15, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration confirmed the world's fourth mass global bleaching event is underway—with
serious consequences for marine life and for the people and economies that rely on reefs.
2
Coral reefs cover less than one percent of the ocean floor, but have out-sized benefits for
marine ecosystems and economies. A quarter of marine life will depend on reefs for shelter,
finding food or spawning at some point in their lives and coastal fisheries would struggle
without corals. Every year, reefs provide about US$2.7 trillion in goods and services, from
tourism to coastal protection, a 2020 estimate by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
showed. About US$36 billion is generated by snorkeling and scuba diving tourists alone. Coral
reefs also help coastal communities by forming a protective barrier against storm surges and
large waves. This helps to avoid property damage for more than 5 million people worldwide, a
2022 study in the journal Marine Policy found.
3
When water temperatures rise, jewel-toned corals get stressed. They cope by expelling
their algae—causing them to turn bone white. Most corals live in shallow waters, where
climate-driven warming is most pronounced. Whether a coral becomes heat-stressed depends
on how long the high temperatures last, and how much warmer they are than usual. Scientists
have found that corals generally begin to bleach when surrounding waters are at least 1 degree
Celsius warmer than the maximum average temperature—or the peak of what corals are used
to—and persist for four or more weeks. Corals can survive a bleaching event if the surrounding
waters cool and algae return. Dead reefs can still offer shelter to fish or provide a storm barrier
over several years for coastal communities. But eventually, these underwater graveyards of
calcium carbonate skeletons will erode and break apart.
4
The best chance for coral survival is for the world to cut greenhouse gas emissions to
limit climate change. Many scientists think that at just 1.2
Celsius of warming above
preindustrial level, the world has already passed a key threshold for coral reef survival. They
expect between 70% and 90% of the world's coral reefs will be lost. Scientists and
conservationists are scrambling to intervene. Local communities have cleanup program to
remove litter from the reefs to reduce further stresses. Scientists are breeding corals in labs
with the hopes of restoring degraded reefs. However, none of this is likely to work to protect
today's corals from warming waters. Scientists are therefore trying to plan for the future by
bringing coral larvae into cryopreservation banks, and breeding corals with more resilient
traits.
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71. According to the passage, what is causing coral reefs around the world to turn white?
(A) Pollution from various sources such as waste disposal
(B) Warm ocean temperatures due to climate change
(C) Overfishing, leading to imbalances in the reef ecosystem
(D) Disease outbreaks affecting coral health
72. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
(A) The relative small coverage of the ocean floor by coral reefs
(B) Coral reefs play an essential role in global tourism.
(C) The diverse benefits that coral reefs provide to the world.
(D) The strong connections between coastal communities and coral reefs
73. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about coral bleaching?
(A) Coral reefs will turn white and die within hours when surrounded by waters that are
1 degree Celsius warmer than usual.
(B) Rising water temperatures can stress jewel-toned corals, leading them to expel their
algae and turn white.
(C) The duration and intensity of high temperatures determine whether a coral becomes
heat-stressed and bleaches.
(D) Coral bleaching is more common in shallow waters, where climate-driven warming
is most pronounced.
74. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "scrambling" in the fourth
paragraph?
(A) Collaborating
(B) Planning
(C) Mixing
(D) Hurrying
75. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a method to help save coral
reefs?
(A) Local communities conduct cleanup programs to remove reef litter, reducing
additional stresses.
(B) Scientists are enhancing coral resilience to survive in warmer waters.
(C) Scientists establish marine protected areas specifically designed to protect coral
reefs.
(D) Scientists are storing coral larvae in cryopreservation banks for future preservation.
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（
D）
1
The practice of freezing embryos as part of in vitro fertilization (IVF) was thrown into
chaos in Alabama this year, when the state supreme court ruled that such embryos should be
considered children, exposing clinics to wrongful death claims in the event they are destroyed
in the thawing process. In 2021, more than 80 percent of US IVF procedures involved the
transfer of frozen embryos, according to a recent report by the US Department of Health and
Human Services.
2
IVF uses high doses of hormones to stimulate ovaries to produce as many eggs as
possible. Once the eggs are extracted, the most mature are selected for attempts at fertilization
with sperm. Over the next 5 to 6 days, healthy fertilized eggs grow into blastocysts—the
earliest stage of embryo—containing roughly 100-200 cells. Blastocysts can be transferred into
the uterus or frozen to be thawed for later use. After transfer into the uterus, if all goes well, the
blastocyst implants itself in the wall of the womb and continues to grow.
3
For some patients, freezing embryos and then waiting several weeks before a transfer into
the uterus is more likely to lead to successful implantation, depending on their age, underlying
health or hormone levels. The pause allows the body's hormone levels to normalize following
ovarian stimulation. It also reduces the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a
potentially life-threatening effect of intense hormone use. More broadly, freezing embryos
often means that only one course of painful, expensive ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval is
needed. If an embryo transfer fails, additional embryos can be thawed and used. Freezing of
embryos also allows patients to preserve fertility in advance of chemotherapy or other
treatments that can damage the reproductive organs. Genetic screening of embryos before a
transfer is only possible with freezing because it can take several weeks to get results. It is
often employed when there is a history of recurrent miscarriages, previous IVF failures and
maternal age over 35 or a family history of genetic diseases.
4
The loss of the option to freeze embryos for later usage
"
would represent a significant
setback for the field,
"
said Dr. Steven Spandorfer of Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City,
president of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. A single pregnancy is the best
way to promote the birth of a healthy child after IVF, so clinics are unlikely to return to the
practice of transferring multiple embryos into the womb, Spandorfer said. Clinics could freeze
eggs instead of embryos, but that approach has many limitations that would lower the overall
success of IVF. The viability of those eggs would not be clear until they are individually
thawed and IVF is attempted, creating the potential for delayed embryo transfers and the need
for additional hormone use and retrievals.
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76. According to the passage, how does the recent ruling in Alabama affect the situation?
(A) IVF procedures are now banned in more than 80% of the clinics in the state.
(B) The state now offers clinics in Alabama financial incentives for freezing embryos.
(C) Clinics now face wrongful death claims as frozen embryos are legally classified as
children.
(D) Clinics are now required to freeze embryos instead of transferring them.
77. What is the main focus of the second paragraph?
(A) The process of IVF including embryo freezing
(B) The risks associated with IVF procedures
(C) The hormonal treatments used in IVF
(D) The success rates of IVF treatments
78. Which of the following benefits of using frozen embryos is NOT mentioned in the
passage?
(A) Normalizing hormone levels
(B) Preserving fertility before chemotherapy
(C) Reducing the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
(D)Reducing the cost of IVF procedures
79. According to the passage, why is genetic screening of embryos only possible with
freezing?
(A) It takes several weeks to get results.
(B) It allows for a higher success rate in IVF procedures.
(C) It reduces the risk of genetic diseases.
(D) It is less expensive than other screening methods.
80. According to the passage, what would most likely happen if freezing embryos for IVF
became unavailable?
(A) Clinics would freeze eggs instead of embryos.
(B) Clinics would transfer multiple embryos into the womb.
(C) The overall success rate of IVF would increase.
(D) Clinics would not be able to perform IVF procedures.