數學式和數學用語的英文讀法
註:本檔案的資料,主要來自
http://eclosion.blogbus.com/logs/12732153.html (作者為華胥夢)
http://edu.qq.com/a/20061121/000221.htm (作者為尹圓圓)
http://www.xsgzxxx.cn/blog/user1/2/archives/2008/2146.shtml (作者為swan)
部分是參考Wikipedia 和奇摩知識的資料
部分則是個人的修改、潤飾、與補充
一、Number 數字
106: one million
109: one billion (or one thousand million)
1012: one trillion (or one million million)
1015: one quadrillion(or one thousand million million)
1018: one quintillion (or one million million million)
123,456,789:one hundred and twenty three million, four hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and eighty-nine
12,345,678,900,000:twelve trillion, three hundred and forty five billion, six hundred and seventy-eight million, nine hundred thousand
18: minus eighteen
二、Fractions 分數
通常將分子讀為基數,將分母讀為序數。
1/2: a (or one) half
1/3: a (or one) third
1/4: a quarter or one fourth
1/5: a (or one) fifth
2/3: two thirds, two over three, or two by three
9/10: nine tenths, nine over ten, or nine by ten
53/4: five and three quarters
15/64: fifteen over (or by) sixty-four
15%: fifteen per cent
4‰: four per mill (or mil)
三、Decimals 小數
0.4: zero (or naught) point four
.01: point (or decimal) naught (or oh) one
12.34: twelve point three four
567.809: five hundred and sixty-seven point eight naught (or oh) nine
30.45: thirty point four five,
0.3333333…..:point three repeating (or recurring)
0.3%: point (or decimal) three percent
四、Mathematic Forms 數學式
(4-1) Addition 加法
1+2=3: One and two are three.
2+3=5: Two plus three equals five.
4+0=4: Four and naught is equal to four.
45+70+152=267: 45, 70 and 152 added are (or make) 267
the sum (or total) is 267.
(4-2)Subtraction 減法
9-4=5: Nine minus four equals (or is equal to) five.
15-7=8: Seven from fifteen leaves eight.
23,654-8,175=15,479: 8,175 (take or subtracted) from 23,654 leaves 15,479.
The difference (or The remainder) is 15,479.
(4-3)Multiplication 乘法
1×0=0: One multiplied by naught equals naught.
1×1=1: Once one is one.
2×1=2: Twice one is two.
3×5=15: Three times five is fifteen
6×0=0: Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing.
(4-4)Division 除法
9÷3=3: Nine divided by three makes (or is equal to) three.
20÷5=4: Five into twenty goes four times.
4567÷23=198 餘13: 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder.
The quotient is 198, and 13 remainder.
五、Power冪次方
bn當中,b被稱為底數(base),n被稱為指數(power or exponent)
bn: the nth power of b或b to the nth power.
a107:a times the seventh power of ten.
b的平方:b square or b squared
b的立方:b cube or b cubed
b的4次方:b to the fourth
b的-1次方:b to the minus one
六、Time 時間
(6-1)Hours 鐘點
2h.5'8":two hours five minutes eight seconds 2小時5分8秒
6.18:six eighteen 6時18分
8.30 a.m.:eight thirty a.m. 上午8時30分
the 6.05 p.m. train:the six (naught) five p.m. train 下午6時零5分列車
又二十四小時混合制的寫法和讀法如下:
0900:0 nine hundred (上午)9時
0910:0 nine ten (上午)9時10分
1300:thirteen hundred 13時(下午1時)
1525:fifteen twenty-five 15時25分(下午3時25分)
2000:twenty hundred 20時(下午8時)
at 5 o'clock:at five o'clock 五點鐘
(6-2)Date 日期
Oct.1:October first 10月1日
Oct.1st:October the first 10月1日
1st Oct. 1949:the first of October, nineteen forty-nine 1949年10月1日
3/5:[英] May (the) third 5月3日;[美]March fifth 3月5日
684 B.C.:Six eighty-four B.C. 西元前684年
106 A.D:one oh six A.D. 西元106年
1960:nineteen sixty; nineteen hundred and sixty
19-:nineteen something
1950's:nineteen fifties 二十世紀五十年代
60's:sixties 本世紀60年代
1770年代初期:in the early 1770's
20世紀末:in the late 20th century
11世紀中葉:in the mid 11th century
七、Phone and Room Numbers電話及房間號碼
2303-9047: two three zero (or oh) three, nine zero (or oh) four seven
3366-3662: three three six six, three six six two
或 double three double six, three double six two
room 137: room one three seven
車牌號碼,身分證號碼,以及各種編號的讀法皆類似
八、其他
log(x): the logarithm of x
logb(x): the logarithm of x to the base b
5 : 3: five to three
A隊領先2 分:Team A is leading (or ahead) by two.
B隊落後2 分:Team B is trailing (or down) by two.
45 度角:forty-five degree angle
二元一次方程式:linear(or simple) equation with two unknowns
一元二次方程式:quadratic equation with one unknown
Vol.I:Volume one (or the first volume)
(chapter, page, line 的讀法類似)
Matt.7:12:Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 《馬可福音》第七章第12節
Hamlet III 1:56:Hamlet Act Three, Scene One, Line fifty-six
《哈姆雷特》第3幕第一場第56行
時頻分析第123頁第四行:Time-Frequency Analysis, page 123, line 4
Henry V:Henry the Fifth 亨利五世
$4.25:four dollars twenty-five cents 四元二十五分(大小單位之間不必加and)
15 ft. 5 in:fifteen foot five (inches) 十五英尺五英寸
20 gal. 5 qt.:Twenty gallons five quarts 二十加侖五夸脫
10×8 feet:ten by eight feet 十英尺長,八英尺寬
5"×4×2 1/2:five inches by four by two and a half 長五英寸,寬四英寸,高二英寸半
九、符號的英文讀法
(9-1)Punctuation Marks標點符號
中文 | 英文 | 中文 | 英文 | ||
§ | 分節號 | section; division | - | 破折號 | dash |
。 | 句號 | period | / | 斜線 | virgule; slash |
, | 逗號 | comma | \ | 反斜線 | backslash |
: | 冒號 | colon | ~ | 波浪號 | tilde (or swung dash) |
; | 分號 | semicolon | ... | 省略號 | ellipsis |
! | 驚嘆號 | exclamation | ( ) | 圓括號 | parentheses |
@ | at | ' ' | 單引號 | single quotation marks | |
' | 所有格號 | apostrophe | “ ” | 雙引號 | double quotation marks |
? | 問號 | question mark | 《》 | 法文引號或書名號 | French quotes |
. | 點 | dot | [ ] | 方括號 | (square) brackets |
* | 星號 | asterisk (or star) | { } | 大括號 | braces |
→ | 箭號 | arrow | ‖ | 雙線號 | parallel |
(9-2)Mathematical Symbols(I) 數學符號(一)
中文 | 英文 | 中文 | 英文 | ||
= | 等號 | is equal to | ≯ | 不大於 | is not more than |
≠ | 不等號 | is not equal to | % | 百分之 | per cent (or percent) |
≈ | 約等於 | is approximately equal to | ‰ | 千分之 | per mill (or mil) |
< | 小於 | is less than | ≡ | 全等號 | is equivalent to |
> | 大於 | is more than | ≌ | 約等於 | is approximately equal to |
≤ | 小於等於 | is less than or equal to; | ∝ | 與…成比例 | varies as |
≥ | 大於等於 | is more than or equal to; | ∞ | 無限大 | infinity |
≮ | 不小於 | is not less than | & | 以及 | and (or ampersand) |
(9-3)Mathematical Symbols(II) 數學符號(二)
中文 | 英文 | 中文 | 英文 | ||
+ | 加號 | plus | √ | 平方根 | (square) root |
- | 減號 | minus | ∫ | 積分 | integral of |
× | 乘號 | is multiplied by | ∑ | 總和 | summation of |
| 除號 | is divided by | ° | 度 | degree |
± | 正負號 | plus or minus | ′ | 分 | minute |
∵ | 因為 | since; because | ″ | 秒 | second |
∴ | 所以 | hence | ℃ | 攝氏 | centigrade |
∠ | 角 | angle | F | 華氏 | (degree) Fahrenheit |
⌒ | 半圓 | semicircle | n! | n階乘 | the factorial of n |
⊙ | 圓 | circle | ^ | hat | |
○ | 圓周 | circumference | |a| | a的絕對值 | the absolute value of a |
π | 圓周率 | pi | log a | 對數 | (common) logarithm |
△ | 三角形 | triangle | ln a | 自然對數 | natural logarithm |
⊥ | 垂直 | is perpendicular to | sin | 正弦 | sine |
∪ | 合集 | union of | cos | 餘弦 | cosine |
∩ | 交集 | intersection of | tan | 正切 | tangent |
# | 數字 | number | cot | 餘切 | cotangent |
$ | 美元 | dollar | sec | 正割 | secant |
f(a) | a的函式 | the function of a | csc | 餘割 | cosecant |
十、Common Words in Mathematics 數學常用字彙
(10-1) Science 科學
公理 | axiom | 推論 | corollary |
定理 | theorem | 反例 | counterexample |
定律 | law; principle | 演繹 | deduct (v); deduction(n) |
證明 | prove; verify | 歸納 | induct (v); induction(n) |
假設; 假說 | hypothesis; hypotheses(pl.) | 經驗式的 | heuristic |
命題 | proposition | 演算法 | algorithm |
(10-2) Numbers 數
數 | number | 十進位 | decimal system |
數字 | digit | 二進位 | binary system |
自然數 | natural number | 十六進位 | hexadecimal system |
整數 | integer | 有理數 | rational number |
小數 | decimal; decimal fraction; decimal figure | 無理數 | irrational number |
小數點 | decimal point | 實數 | real number |
循環小數 | recurring decimal; periodic decimal; repeating decimal | 虛數 | imaginary number |
無盡小數 | infinite decimal | 複數 | complex number |
正 | positive | 有效數字 | significant digit |
負 | negative | 無效數字 | insignificant digit |
零 | null, zero, naught, nil | 因數 | factor |
無窮大 | infinite(a.) infinity(n.) | 公因數 | common factor |
無窮小 | infinitesimal | 倍數 | multiple |
分數 | fraction | 公倍數 | common multiple |
分子 | numerator | 質數 | prime number |
分母 | denominator | 因式分解 | factorization(n); factorize(v) |
倒數 | reciprocal; inverse | 近似值 | approximate value |
(10-3) Operations (I) 運算(一)
加 | plus(prep.); add(v.); addition(n.) | 被乘數 | multiplicand; faciend |
被加數 | augend; summand | 乘數 | multiplier; multiplicator |
加數 | addend | 積 | product |
和 | sum | 除 | divided by(prep.); divide(v.); division(n.) |
減 | minus (prep.); subtract(v.); subtraction (n.) | 被除數 | dividend |
被減數 | minuend | 除數 | divisor |
減數 | subtrahend | 商 | quotient |
乘 | times(prep.); multiply(v.); multiplication(n.) | 餘數 | remainder |
(10-4) Operations (II) 運算(二)
計算 | calculation | 對數 | logarithm |
運算 | operation | 指數;
冪;
| exponent; power |
算術 | arithmetic | 二次方;
| square |
運算符 | operator | 三次方;
| cube |
等於 | equals, is equal to, is equivalent to | 四次方 | the power of four; |
大於 | is greater than | n次方 | the power of n; |
小於 | is lesser than | 開方 | evolution; extraction |
大於等於 | is more than or equal to; | 二次方根; | square root |
小於等於 | is less than or equal to; | 三次方根; | cube root |
比 | ratio | 四次方根 | the root of four; |
進位 | carry | n次方根 | the root of n; the nth root |
通分 | reduction to a common denominator | 截尾 | truncation |
約分 | reduction of a fraction | 四捨五入 | round |
微積分 | calculus | 下捨入 | floor (or round down) |
微分 | differential | 上捨入 | ceil (or round up) |
偏微分 | partial differential | 絕對值 | absolute value; modulus |
導數 | derivative | 階乘 | factorial |
積分 | integral | 內積 | inner product |
定積分 | definite integral | 加權 | weight, significance |
不定積分 | indefinite integral | 轉換 | transform |
差分 | difference | 旋積 | convolution |
(10-5) Algebras andFunctions 代數與函數
代數 | algebra | 方程式 | equation; function |
係數 | coefficient | 公式 | formula; formulae(pl.) |
未知數 | unknown; x-factor; y-factor; z-factor | 恆等式 | identity |
常數 | constant | 單項式 | monomial |
變數 | variable | 多項式 | polynomial; multinomial |
函數 | function | n次多項式 | nth order polynomial |
定義域 | domain; field of definition | 一次方程 | linear (or simple) equation |
值域 | range | 二次方程 | quadratic equation |
等式 | equality | 三次方程 | cubic equation |
不等式 | inequality | m元n次 | nth order
equation |
(10-6)Properties性質
極限 | limit | 奇偶性 | parity |
正交 | orthogonal(a); orthogonality(n) | 對稱性 | symmetry |
交換律 | commutativity | 可逆性 | reversibility |
結換律 | associativity | 單調性 | monotonicity |
分配律 | distributivity | 週期性 | periodicity |
(10-7) Sets and Logic 集合與邏輯
集合 | set; aggregate | 聯集 | union |
元素 | element | 補集 | complement |
子集 | subset | 充分條件 | sufficient condition |
空集 | void | 必要條件 | necessary condition |
交集 | intersection | 充分且必要 | if and only if |
(10-8) Geometry (I) 幾何(一)
幾何 | geometry | 頂點 | vertex |
點 | point | 邊 | side |
線 | line | 直角邊 | leg |
面 | plane | 斜邊 | hypotenuse |
體 | solid | 底 | base |
平行 | parallel | 高 | height |
相交 | intersect | 三角形 | triangle |
垂直; 正交 | perpendicular; vertical; orthogonal | 銳角三角形 | acute triangle |
角 | angle | 直角三角形 | right triangle |
角度 | degree | 鈍角三角形 | obtuse triangle |
弧度 | radian | 不等邊三角形 | scalene triangle |
銳角 | acute angle | 等邊三角形 | equilateral triangle |
直角 | right angle | 等腰三角形 | isosceles triangle |
鈍角 | obtuse angle | 四邊形 | quadrilateral |
平角 | straight angle | 長 | length |
周角 | perigon | 寬 | width |
圓 | circle | 對角線 | diagonal |
圓心 | centre(BrE), center(AmE) | 平行四邊形 | parallelogram |
半徑 | radius | 矩形 | rectangle |
直徑 | diameter | 正方形 | square |
圓周率 | pi | 菱形 | rhomb; rhombus; rhombi(pl.); diamond |
弧 | arc | 梯形 | trapezoid |
半圓 | semicircle | 直角梯形 | right trapezoid |
扇形 | sector; fan | 等腰梯形 | isosceles trapezoid |
環 | ring | 五邊形 | pentagon |
橢圓 | ellipse | 六邊形 | hexagon |
圓周 | circumference | 七邊形 | heptagon |
面積 | area | 八邊形 | octagon |
周長 | perimeter | 九邊形 | enneagon |
畢氏定理 | Pythagorean theorem | 十邊形 | decagon |
多邊形 | polygon | 十一邊形 | hendecagon |
正多邊形 | equilateral polygon | 十二邊形 | dodecagon |
(10-9) Geometry (II) 幾何(二)
相似 | similar | 球 | sphere |
全等 | congruent | 半球 | hemisphere |
立方體 | cube | 圓錐 | cone |
多面體 | polyhedron | 圓柱 | cylinder |
三角錐 | pyramid | 圓臺 | frustum of a cone |
三角柱 | prism | 內切圓 | inscribed circle |
棱臺 | frustum of a prism | 外切圓 | circum circle |
四面體 | tetrahedron | 空間 | space |
五面體 | pentahedron | 維 | dimension |
六面體 | hexahedron | n維 | n-dimension |
平行六面體 | parallelepiped | n度空間 | n-dimensional space |
七面體 | heptahedron | 三角 | trigonometry |
八面體 | octahedron | 正弦 | sine |
九面體 | enneahedron | 餘弦 | cosine |
十面體 | decahedron | 正切 | tangent |
十一面體 | hendecahedron | 餘切 | cotangent |
十二面體 | dodecahedron | 正割 | secant |
二十面體 | icosahedron | 餘割 | cosecant |
底面 | undersurface | 反正弦 | arc sine |
內心 | incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE) | 反餘弦 | arc cosine |
外心 | excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE) | 反正切 | arc tangent |
旁心 | escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE) | 反餘切 | arc cotangent |
垂心 | orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE) | 反正割 | arc secant |
重心 | barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE) | 反餘割 | arc cosecant |
體積 | volume | 投影 | projection |
表面積 | surface area | 旋轉 | rotation |
(10-10) Geometry (III): Lines and Coordinates 幾何(三):線與座標
軌跡 | locus, loci(pl.) | 向量 | vector |
座標系 | coordinate | 象限 | quadrant |
直角座標系 | Cartesian coordinate system | 線段 | segment |
圓座標系 | polar coordinate system | 直線 | straight line |
球座標系 | spherical coordinate system | 曲線; 弧線 | curve |
軸 | axis | 射線 | radial |
坐標軸 | x-axis, y-axis, z-axis | 雙曲線 | hyperbola |
橫坐標 | x-coordinate | 抛物線 | parabola |
縱坐標 | y-coordinate | 漸近線 | asymptote |
原點 | origin | 切線 | tangent (line) |
準線 | align | 割線 | secant (line) |
交點 | intersection point | 垂線; 法線 | vertical line; normal; perpendicular line; |
夾角 | included angle | 凹曲線 | concave |
方位角 | azimuth | 凸曲線 | convex |
(10-11) Probability and Statics 機率與統計
機率;
| probability | 百分比 | percent |
統計 | statistics | 百分點 | percentage |
平均數 | average | 百分位數 | percentile |
加權平均數 | weighted average | 排列 | permutation |
方差 | variance | 組合 | combination |
標準差 | standard deviation | 分佈 | distribution |
比例 | proportion | 正態分佈 | normal distribution |
相關性 | correlation | 非正態分佈 | abnormal distribution |
期望值 | expected value | 信度 | reliability |
亂數 | random number | 效度 | validity |
(10-12) Other Important Vocabularies in Mathematics 其他數學上的重要字彙
表格 | table | 矩陣 | matrix |
圖 | figure | 行列式 | determinant |
影像 | image | 映射 | mapping |
流程圖 | flowchart | 相位 | phase |
圖表 | graph | 週期 | period |
條形統計圖 | bar graph | 振幅 | amplitude |
柱形統計圖 | histogram | 數列; 級數 | series |
折線統計圖 | broken line graph | 等差級數 | arithmetic progression |
曲線統計圖 | curve diagram | 等比級數 | geometric progression |
扇形統計圖 | pie diagram | 黃金比例 | Golden ratio |