附件1少年性侵者危險評估量表[第二版](Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol- II, J-SOAP-II)
少年姓名________ 評估日期__________ 評估者姓名___________單位______電話______
A. 靜態因素 | ||||||
I. 性驅力分量表 | ||||||
1. 性犯行之起訴次數 | 0 [從未] | 1 [一次] | 2 [2次及以上] | |||
2. 性侵害被害人之人數 | 0 [1名] | 1 [2名] | 2 [3名及以上] | |||
3. 曾有男性之性侵害被害人 | 0 [從未] | 1 [1名] | 2 [2名及以上] | |||
4. 性侵害犯罪之前後期間 | 0 [只有一次] | 1 [6個月內] | 2 [6個月以上] | |||
5. 性侵害犯罪之計畫程度 | 0 [毫無計畫/突發] | 1[稍微計畫] | 2 [精細計畫] | |||
6. 性化之攻擊 | 0 [毫無] | 1[咒罵/推擠] | 2[猛擊/踢/刺] | |||
7. 性驅力及腦中充滿性事[問一周手淫/看色情片或網頁幾次] | 0 [1-2次] | 1[3-5次] | 2 [6次及以上] | |||
8. 性受害史 | 0 [無] | 1 [有，但無受傷] | 2 [有，但有受傷] | |||
分量表總分之Z標準分數監獄[( )-3.65]/2.11=[ ]社區[( )-2.72]/1.68=[ ]低中高 | ||||||
II. 衝動與反社會行為分量表[詢問案主再犯行前之前6個月以前之情形] | ||||||
9. 照顧者之變更程度 | 0 [與父母同住至今或至10歲] | 1 [照顧者變更1-2次] | 2 [10歲前變更3次及以上] | |||
10.廣泛之憤怒[對他人表現之憤怒程度] | 0 [無] | 1 [輕度] | 2 [中-高度] | |||
11.在學校之行為問題 | 0 [無] | 1 [輕度] | 2 [中-高度] | |||
12.品行異常之歷史[10歲以前] 15中至少3個[詳見附件之手冊或下方] | 0 [無] | 1 [輕度，符合其中1-2個標準] | 2 [中-高度，符合3標準] | |||
13.少年反社會行為[10至17歲間]共6行為[詳見附件之手冊或下方] | 0 [無/很少或1件] | 1 [中度，符合其中2-3個標準] | 2 [高度，符合4標準] | |||
14.十六歲前曾被起訴或逮捕 | 0 [無] | 1 [一次] | 2 [超過1次] | |||
15.犯行的多樣化 | 0 [單一類別] | 1 [二種類別] | 2 [三種及以上類別] | |||
16.在家曾受身體虐待或/與曾目睹家庭暴力 | 0 [無/不知道] | 1 [有/輕度，不必就醫] | 2 [中-高度/需就醫] | |||
分量表總分之Z標準分數監獄[( )-7.95]/3.34=[ ]社區[( )-4.68]/3.13=[ ]低中高 靜態(I及II)總分Z標準分數監獄[( )-11.68]/4.41=[ ]社區[( )-7.33]/3.95=[ ]低中高 | ||||||
B.動態因素 | ||||||
III. 處遇分量表[詢問案主目前之情形] | ||||||
17.接受犯行之責任 | 0 [完全接受] | 1 [部分接受] | 2 [完全不接受/全否認] | |||
18.有內在動機接受改變 | 0 [因犯行不安且想改變] | 1 [部分有想改變] | 2 [不覺需要改變] | |||
19.了解危險因子與應用危險管理方法 | 0 [有且很清楚] | 1 [有但部分清楚] | 2 [不清楚/有高危思考] | |||
20.同理心[指對被害人] | 0 [有] | 1 [部分有] | 2 [沒有] | |||
21.有感覺後悔及罪疚感 | 0 [有] | 1 [部分有] | 2 [沒有] | |||
22.認知扭曲 | 0 [沒有] | 1 [偶有] | 2 [經常有] | |||
23.同輩關係之品質[指與性行良好之同輩] | 0 [少孤獨/多良友] | 1 [良友與惡友均有] | 2 [孤獨/或只有惡友] | |||
分量表總分之Z標準分數監獄[( )-5.38]/3.59=[ ]社區[( )-2.72]/3.34=[ ]低中高 | ||||||
IV. 社區穩定及適應分量表[詢問案主在過去6個月之情形，若案主在監禁中則不用] | ||||||
24.對性驅力及性慾望之管理[一周內幾次手淫或上色情網站] | 0 [1周各1次內] | 1 [1周各2次] | 2 [1周各3次及以上] | |||
25.對憤怒之管理 | 0 [1週內均無] | 1 [1週內4次及以內] | 2[1週內5次及以上] | |||
26.現在生活狀況的穩定度 | 0 [穩定] | 1 [不太穩定] | 2 [很不穩定] | |||
27.在校表現之穩定度 | 0 [穩定] | 1 [不太穩定] | 2 [很不穩定] | |||
28.有無正面之支持系統[有正面之好親友/監督人] | 0 [3人及以上] | 1 [1-2人] | 2 [沒有] | |||
分量表總分之Z標準分數監獄[( )-2.77]/2.16=[ ]社區[( )-3.22]/2.20=[ ]低中高 | ||||||
動態(III及IV)總分Z標準分數監獄[( )-8.45]/4.83=[ ]社區[( )-8.49]/5.12=[ ]低中高 | ||||||
全分量表總分之Z標準分數監獄[( )-20.28]/7.04=[ ]社區[( )-15.75]/7.92=[ ]低中高 | ||||||
註. 一、各題之計分請見下網頁之手冊。本量表仍未有切分點及對照常模。本量表可見於Prentky, R. & Righthand, S. (2003). Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II) Manual. [Online] Available www.csom.org/pubs/JSOAP.pdf二、本表所附之平均數與標準差係來自38位明陽中學(少年監獄)之全部性侵者與37位三地方法院保護管束之全部性侵者。計分評估請依監獄與社區樣本評估三、各項之低中高三個危險分級各如下：0個標準差及以下(佔所有個案50%)為低危險、0-1個標準差(佔所有個案34%)為中危險、1個標準差及以上(佔所有個案16%)為高危險。
四、個案之低中高危險分級評等，依據前各項之評等與案主之觀察而定。本個案屬於[]低 []中 []高 再犯危險 (擇一打勾之) 五、請依動靜態之各項評估提供相應之輔導監督方案以作為改善目標 六、第12題品性異常，請打勾：(1) 反覆無法遵守規範(2) 侵犯他人的基本權利(3) 參與在校、在家或社區的破壞性和攻擊行為。 七、第13題反社會，請打勾：(1) 惡意破壞和傷害財產；(2) 惡意的惡作劇、行為不檢，神思恍惚、習慣性逃學；(4)擁有或攜帶的武器（並非為了體育和狩獵目的）（5）偷竊，搶劫，竊盜及（6）與汽車相關的（魯莽駕駛、危害駕駛、受酒精或物質影響下的駕駛操作）。評分此項目並不僅侷限於法律起訴的犯行。可考量所有可信和可靠的證據，自我報告和文件中的記錄。
附件2
少年性罪犯危險評估量表使用手冊[第二版]各題說明
(Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol- II, J-SOAP-II)黃冠豪翻譯林明傑審核
原文 | 中譯 |
Section I. Static Risk Assessment Scale 1. Sexual Drive/Preoccupation Items Item 1: Prior Legally Charged Sex Offenses Description: This item is simply the total number of prior charged sexual offenses that involved physical contact. Conviction is not necessary. Do not count the current, governing, or index sexual offense(s). Scoring: 0 = None. 1 = 1 offense. 2 = More than 1 offense. | 第一部、靜態風險評估 量表1、性趨力/執著項目 項目1：之前被法律起訴的性犯罪 描述：此項目單純指得是先前曾被起訴的包含身體接觸的性犯罪的總數。不一定需要被定罪。不要計算目前、現在處理、指標之性侵害(專指五年以上徒刑之重罪felony)。 計分： 0 = 從未 1 = 1次犯行 2 = 超過1次以上 |
Item 2: Number of Sexual Abuse Victims Description: This item looks at the number of victims the juvenile is known to have ever sexually abused. In making this judgment, use any reliable source. A legal charge/conviction is not required. “Victim” is defined as anyone who has been sexually abused in a manner involving physical contact. Scoring: 0 = Only 1 known victim. 1 = 2 known victims. 2 = 3 or more known victims. | 項目2：性侵害被害人的數目 描述：此項目指去探詢已知青少年犯曾經性侵過的被害人的數目。做此判斷時，儘量援用任何可信的資料來源。不一定需要被法律起訴或定罪。被害人的定義是指任何曾遭受過包含身體接觸方式性侵的人。 計分： 0 = 只有已知1名被害人 1 = 2名已知被害人 2 = 3名或以上的已知被害人 |
Item 3: Male Child Victim Description: This item assesses the juvenile’s history of sexually abusing a male child. A “child” victim is defined here as someone who is 10 years old or younger and is at least 4 years younger than the juvenile. If the juvenile was age 14 or older at the time of the offense, the victim was 10 or younger. If the juvenile was 13, the victim was 9 or younger. If the juvenile was 12, the victim was 8 or younger. If the child victim was older than 10, this item may still be scored if there was clear evidence of physical force or violence. Scoring: 0 = No known male child victims. 1 = 1 male victim (only 1 known). 2 = 2 or more known male victims. | 項目3：有男童被害人 描述：此項目評估青少年犯性侵男性孩童的過去史。”孩童”這裡的定義是指，10歲或以下年齡，且至少比青少年犯小4歲以上者。假如青少年犯犯案當時是14歲或者更大，那麼被害人需為10歲或更小。假如青少年犯犯案當時是13歲，那麼被害人需為9歲或更小。假如青少年犯犯案當時是12歲，那麼被害人需為8歲或更小。假如孩童被害人年紀比10歲大，倘若有清楚的證據顯示其遭受到肢體脅迫或暴力，此項目仍可被計分。（註：譯者認為，10~13歲暨青春期以前均是可被計分。） 計分： 0 = 沒有已知的男性孩童被害人 1 = 1名男性孩童被害人(只知道1名) 2 = 已知2名或以上的男性孩童被害人 |
Item 4: Duration of Sex Offense History Description: This item looks at the total amount of time the juvenile has been known to commit sexual contact offenses (i.e., from the first known sexual contact offense to the current [governing or index] sexual contact offense). In making this judgment, include all credible reports and self-report. Do not limit scoring to legally charged offenses. Scoring: 0 = Only 1 known sexual offense and no other history of sexual aggression (i.e., the governing or index offense is the only known sexual offense). 1 = There are multiple sex offenses within a brief time period (6 months or less). The multiple sex offenses may involve multiple assaults on the same victim or multiple victims. 2 = There are multiple sex offenses that extend over a period greater than 6 months and involve 1 or more victims. | 項目4：性侵害犯罪的前後期間 描述：此項目欲探詢青少年犯已知犯下的接觸型性侵害的總時間。(譬如：從已知第一次接觸型性侵害，到目前接觸型性侵害)。做此判斷時，包括所有可信的報告和自陳報告。不要將計分局限於有法律起訴的性侵害。 計分： 0 = 只有1名已知的性侵害犯行且無其它性攻擊歷史(譬如：目前處理中或指標之性犯罪犯罪指數是目前僅知的性侵害犯)。 1 = 在短時間內(6個月以內)，有多重性侵害犯行。所謂的多重性侵害犯行，指得是包含多次性侵同一名被害人或者性侵多名被害人。 2 = 有多重的性犯行行為，前後延伸超過6個月以上期間，且包含1位或更多被害 人。 |
Item 5: Degree of Planning in Sexual Offense(s) Description: This item looks at the degree of forethought, planning, and premeditation that took place prior to the sexual assaults. It concerns the individual’s modus operandi (MO): everything the individual did to commit the offense. In general, the more detail and forethought involved in planning an offense, the more complex the MO. With highly impulsive, opportunistic offenses, the MO will be negligible. When there are multiple known sexual assaults, score for the assault that reflects the greatest degree of planning. This item should also be scored when a high degree of manipulation and deception has been used to gain access to the victim’s. Scoring: 0 = No planning. All known sexual offenses appear to have been impulsive, opportunistic, sudden, and without any apparent forethought prior to the encounter. 1 = Mild degree of planning. Some clear evidence that the individual thought about or fantasized about the sexual offense before the encounter. Some degree of grooming or “setting up” the victim may reflect mild planning. 2 = Moderate-Detailed planning. There must be a clear modus operandi. The offenses may appear “scripted,” with a particular victim and crime location targeted. Planning also may be evident when there is a high degree of manipulation and/or a significant amount of grooming to gain access to the victim. The major difference between Mild and Moderate-Detailed planning is the extent and degree of planning and the amount of time invested in planning. The distinction is quantitative rather than qualitative. | 項目5：性侵害犯罪之計畫程度 描述：此項目探詢在犯下性侵害之前的事前構思、計畫和預謀犯案的程度。它所在乎的是個體的做案手法：即個體為了犯下性侵害所做的任何事。一般來說，其計畫犯罪越是細膩和事前構思，那麼其犯罪手法算是越複雜。若是屬於高度衝動、機會型犯案，那麼其做案手法則算是可以被忽略的。當有多重已知的性侵害犯行，需對反應出高度計畫的犯行計分。當有使用高度的操弄和欺騙來接近被害人時，此項目也需被計分。 計分： 0 =沒有計畫。所有已知性侵害似乎顯示只是衝動、機會、突然的，且犯行前沒有任何明顯的構思。 1 = 輕微程度的計畫。有些證據顯示，在性侵害前，個體曾想過或幻想過性侵害過程。某種程度的誘導或整理被害人，反應輕微的計畫。 2 = 中等細膩程度的計畫。必須有清楚的犯案手法。此犯行通常有”腳本”，針對特定被害人、目標的犯罪地點。計畫通常也指的是有證據顯示，高度操弄和明顯程度的誘導以去接近被害人。輕微與中等細膩程度的計畫，兩者主要的差異是在於計畫的範圍與程度，還有投入計畫的時間。這樣的分野，比較是量化而非質性的。 |
Item 6: Sexualized Aggression Description: This item captures the degree or level of gratuitous or expressive aggression in the sexual offenses. Gratuitous or expressive aggression is aggressive behavior that clearly goes beyond what was required to complete the sexual offense. Scoring: 0 = No gratuitous or expressive aggression. No evidence that the individual intentionally physically hurt the victim or demeaned or humiliated the victim; no evidence that the individual used force or aggression beyond what was required to complete the sexual offense. 1 = Mild amount of expressive aggression. For example, as evidenced by swearing or cursing at the victim, threatening the victim, squeezing, slapping, pushing, or pinching the victim. 2 = Moderate-High amount of expressive aggression. For example, as evidenced by punching, kicking, cutting, burning, or stabbing the victim; causing physical injuries that require medical attention; or intentionally humiliating or degrading the victim. | 項目6：性化之攻擊 描述：此項目指在性侵害過程中，沒來由的或外顯的攻擊之程度。沒來由的或外顯的攻擊是指超過完成性侵害所需程度的攻擊行為。 計分： 0 = 無沒來由的或外顯的攻擊。沒有證據顯示，個體有意去身體傷害被害人或者貶低或污辱被害人。沒有證據顯示，個體使用超出性侵害所需程度的武力或攻擊。 1 = 輕微程度的外顯攻擊。譬如：有證據顯示對被害人罵髒話或詛咒，威脅被害人，擠壓、掌摑、推或捏被害人。 2 = 中-高程度的外顯攻擊。譬如：有證據顯示，拳打、腳踢、切割、燒灼或刺傷被害人。導致其身體受傷，而需要接受醫療關注。或意圖侮辱或貶低被害人的人格。 |
Item 7: Sexual Drive and Preoccupation Description: This item measures “hypersexuality” (i.e., the strength of the sexual drive and preoccupation). This is a behaviorally anchored item that focuses on evidence of an excessive amount of sexual activity (exceeding what might be considered normative for youths of that age) or excessive preoccupation with sexual urges or gratifying sexual needs. Evidence includes, but is not limited to, paraphilias (exposing, peeping, cross-dressing, fetishes, etc.); compulsive masturbation; chronic and compulsive use of pornography; frequent highly sexualized language and gestures; and indiscriminant sexual activity with different partners out of the context of any relationship. Consider all credible and reliable evidence, self-reported as well as documented in the records. Scoring: 0 = Normative/Minimal. 1 or 2 instances of sexualized behavior. 1 = Moderate. Sexualized behaviors have been observed and noted on 3 to 5 separate occasions. 2 = High. Sexualized behaviors have been observed and noted on 6 or more separate occasions. | 項目7：性趨力及腦中充滿性事 描述：此項目在測量”過度的性驅力”(譬如：性趨力的強度和過度執著)。這是個行為定向的項目，聚焦於過量性活動之證據(超過該年紀年輕人的正常程度) 或過度執著於性趨力或滿足性需求。證據包括如下(但不局限於) 性倒錯(暴露、偷窺、跨性別穿著、戀物癖，等)；強迫性手淫；長期與強迫性使用色情書刊；經常性使用性化語言和手勢。不管任何關係的任何對象，會用沒有篩選的性活動，請考量所有可信和可靠的證據，及自陳和檔案裡的紀錄。 計分： 0 = 正常/微量。1或2個性化行為的例子 1 = 中等。性化行為，在3~5個不同情境， 被觀察或注意到。 2 = 高度。性化行為，在6或更多不同情境， 被觀察或注意到。 |
Item 8: Sexual Victimization History Description: This item assesses the juvenile’s own history of sexual victimization. In this context, excessive force refers to force that clearly exceeded what was necessary to gain compliance. Scoring: 0 = None known. 1 = The juvenile was a victim of sexual abuse. There is no evidence of any form of sexual penetration or excessive force or physical injury to the juvenile. 2 = The juvenile was a victim of sexual abuse. Score 2 if there is evidence of sexual penetration or excessive force or physical injury. | 項目8：性受害史 描述：此項目評估青少年犯自身的性侵受害 史。在此脈絡中，過度的武力指得是，明顯超過需要獲得順從程度的武力。 計分： 0 = 未知 1 = 青少年犯是性侵害受害者。沒有證據顯示，有對青少年任形式的性插入或過度使用武力或身體傷害。 2 = 青少年犯是性侵害受害者。計分2分指有證據顯示遭受性插入或被過度使用武力或導致身體傷害。 |
Scale 2. Impulsive/Antisocial Behavior Items Item 9: Caregiver Consistency Description: This item measures the consistency and stability of caregivers in the life of the juvenile before the age of 10. Multiple changes in caregivers or changes in living situations with different caregivers and the number of different caregivers are critical. A “change” must last for at least 6 months to be considered (for example, if the individual spends a month living with his aunt and uncle, it would not be considered a change of caregivers). Scoring: 0 = Lived with biological parents until his current age or until age 10. 1 = 1 or 2 changes in caregivers (e.g., from biological parents to step or foster parents). 2 = 3 or more changes in caregivers before age 10. | 量表2、衝動/反社會行為項目 項目9：照顧者的一致性 描述：此項目測量在青少年10歲以前的生活中，其照顧者的一致性、穩定性。照顧者的多重改變，或者伴隨不同照顧者和不同照顧者數目等生活情境上的變化是關鍵。此”改變”需持續至少6個月(譬如：假如個案花一個月時間與其阿姨和叔叔住，這並不會被算入為照顧者的改變) 計分： 0 = 與親生父母一同居住，直至他目前的年齡或至10歲。 1 = 1或2次變更照顧者(譬如：從親生父母到繼父母或寄養父母) 2 = 3次或更多照顧者的變動，在10歲以前。 |
Item 10: Pervasive Anger Description: This item includes (1) repeated instances of verbal aggression and angry outbursts, (2) threatening and intimidating behavior, and (3) nonsexual physical assaults directed at multiple targets across multiple settings—anger directed at parents, peers, police, teachers, animals, etc. The essential point is that the behavior must reflect anger across persons and situations. Although destroying property may be an expression of anger, the destruction of property does not necessarily result from anger. Scoring: 0 = No evidence. 1 = Mild. Occasional outbursts and inappropriate expressions of anger or a pattern of anger expressed at an apparently narrow range of targets (e.g., anger only expressed at peers). 2 = Moderate-Strong. Long-standing pattern of repeated instances of poorly managed anger directed at multiple targets. | 項目10：廣泛的憤怒 描述：此項目包括(1) 重複的語言攻擊和憤怒爆發；(2) 威脅和恐嚇行為；和(3) 針對多重對象與跨多重情境，之非性的身體攻擊—包括針對父母、同儕、警察、老師、動物等等的生氣。這邊的關鍵，指得是行為必須反應出跨人或跨情境的憤怒。雖然破壞財物也許是種憤怒的表現，但財物的毀壞不一定是來自於憤怒的結果。 計分： 0 = 沒有證據 1 = 輕微。偶然的爆發和不適當的憤怒表達或一種非常侷限對象的憤怒表達形式(譬如：只針對同儕表達) 2 = 中-強。長期且重覆地，針對多個對象的憤怒管理偏差。 |
Item 11: School Behavior Problems Description: Score this item for kindergarten through eighth grade only. School behavior problems include school failure not due to cognitive difficulties. Examples may include chronic truancy, fighting with peers and/or teachers, or other evidence of serious behavioral problems at school that require corrective intervention. Fighting should only be considered if there has been physical contact (e.g., punching, kicking, shoving) and not if there has only been yelling or arguing. Scoring: 0 = None (no clear evidence of school behavior problems). 1 = Mild (a few apparently isolated instances). 2 = Moderate-Severe (clear evidence of multiple instances of behavior problems that may include behaviors resulting in suspensions or expulsion from school). | 項目11：在學校的行為問題 描述：對此項目計分，只針對從幼稚園到8年級。在學校行為問題，包括：不是因為智能受限因素所導致的學校偏差表現。例子也許包括長期逃學、與同學/老師打架，或有其他證據顯示其在學校有需要矯正介入的嚴重行為問題。爭鬥只在有肢體接觸(譬如：拳打、腳踢、推) 的衝突行為才會被考量進去，若僅有叫囂或爭辯不算。 計分： 0 = 沒有(沒有學校行為問題的明顯證據) 1 = 輕微(僅少數明顯獨立的事件) 2 = 中-強(明顯證據顯示，有多重行為問題的事件，包括：導致留校察看或退學行為) |
Item 12: History of Conduct Disorder Before Age 10 Description: Score this item for behavior before the age of 10. Score for a persistent pattern of behavioral disturbance characterized by (1) repeated failure to obey rules, (2) violating the basic rights of others, and (3) engaging in destructive and aggressive conduct at school, at home, and/or in the community. Scoring: 0 = No evidence. 1 = Mild-Moderate (1 or 2 different criteria present). 2 = Strong (all 3 criteria present). | 項目12：10歲以前的行為問題史 描述：此項目計分，針對10歲以前的行為。對一連串持續性的行為問題計分，特徵準則如下：(1) 反覆無法遵守規範(2) 侵犯他人的基本權利(3) 參與在校、在家或社區的破壞性和攻擊行為。 計分： 0 = 沒有證據 1 = 輕微-中度(1項或2項不同準則出現) 2 = 強烈(所有3項準則均出現) |
Item 13: Juvenile Antisocial Behavior (Ages 10–17) Description: Score this item for behavior between the ages of 10 and 17. Score for nonsexual delinquent behavior such as: (1) vandalism and destruction to property; (2) malicious mischief, disorderly conduct, vagrancy, habitual truancy; (3) fighting and physical violence; (4) owning or carrying a weapon (other than for sport and hunting); (5) theft, robbery, burglary; and (6) motor vehicle-related (reckless driving, operating to endanger, operating under the influence). Scoring for this item is not limited to legally charged offenses. Consider all credible and reliable evidence, self-reported as well as documented in the records. Scoring: 0 = None/Minimal (no more than a single incident). 1 = Moderate (2 or 3 different criteria present. Moderate also may be scored if there is a single very serious episode or multiple incidents involving one type of behavior). 2 = Strong (4 or more different criteria present or multiple incidents involving 2 or 3 types ofbehavior). | 項目13：青少年反社會行為(年紀10-17歲) 描述：此項目的計分針對10~17歲之間年齡。針對非性的偏差行為計分，譬如：(1) 惡意破壞和傷害財產；(2) 惡意的惡作劇、行為不檢，神思恍惚、習慣性逃學；(4) 擁有或攜帶的武器（並非為了體育和狩獵目的）（5）偷竊，搶劫，竊盜及（6）與汽車相關的（魯莽駕駛、危害駕駛、受酒精或物質影響下的駕駛操作）。評分此項目並不僅侷限於法律起訴的犯行。可考量所有可信和可靠的證據，自我報告和文件中的記錄。 計分： 0 = 沒有/最小（不超過一個單一事件）。 1 = 中度（2個或3個不同準則出現。中度也可以被計分，如果有一個單一非常嚴重的情節或涉及一種類型但多個事件的行為）。 2 = 強（4個或更多的不同準則的出現，或者包含2或3種類型行為的多重事件） |
Item 14: Ever Charged or Arrested Before the Age of 16 Description: Score current offenses as well as previous charges/arrests for sexual and nonsexual offenses occurring before age 16. The juvenile must have been charged and/or arrested; conviction is not necessary. Scoring: 0 = No. 1 = Once. 2 = More than once. | 項目14：在16歲以前曾被起訴或被捕
1 = 一次 2 = 不止一次。 |
Item 15: Multiple Types of Offenses Description: Scoring for this item is limited to legally charged offenses. Check as many different types of offense categories as apply and score according to the total number of categories checked. □ □ a. Sexual Offenses (such as rape, indecent assault, gross sexual assault, unlawful sexual contact, open and gross lewdness). □ □ b. Person Offenses—Nonsexual (such as assault, assault and battery, assault causing bodily harm, robbery, kidnapping, attempted murder, manslaughter, murder, terrorizing). □ □ c. Property Offenses (such as theft, burglary, possessing burglary tools, larceny, breaking and entering, criminal trespass, malicious destruction of property, arson, receiving/possessing stolen property, embezzlement, extortion of property). □ □ d. Fraudulent Offenses (such as fraud, forgery, passing bad checks, using stolen credit cards, impersonation, identity fraud, counterfeiting). □ □ e. Drug Offenses (drug trafficking and other clearly drug-related crimes not scored elsewhere; score simple possession of drugs under Conduct Offenses). □ □ f. Serious Motor Vehicle Offenses (such as operating to endanger, operating under the influence, reckless driving, chronic speeding, leaving the scene of an accident, vehicular homicide). □ □ g. Conduct Offenses (such as disorderly conduct, running away, vagrancy, malicious mischief, possession of alcohol and/or drugs, resisting arrest, habitual truancy, habitual offending). □ □ h. Other Rule Breaking Offenses (no clear victim but the law has been broken, such as escape from legal custody, failure to appear, conspiracy, accessory before or after the fact, possession of a firearm without a permit, obstruction of justice, violation of conditions of probation or other release, violation of a protection/ restraining order, prostitution). Scoring: 0 = 1 type. 1 = 2 types. 2 = 3 or more types. | 項目15：多種類型的犯行 描述：計分此項目只限於法律起訴的罪行。檢查許多不同類型的犯罪類別，並根據檢查類別的總數來應用和計分。
|
Item 16: History of Physical Assault and/or Exposure to Family Violence Description: This item assesses the juvenile’s own history of having been physically abused and/or exposed to violence within the home by a caregiver (biological, adoptive, foster, or step family). Exposure to family violence includes visual or auditory exposure to physical assaults on family members. It is not necessary for both physical abuse and exposure to violence to be present to score this item. Scoring: 0 = No/Unknown. 1 = Yes. There is clear evidence that the juvenile was the victim of physical abuse by any caregiver. The documented history must indicate that the physical injuries did not warrant medical attention. Exposure to violence may include exposure to threats of violence and physical altercations involving pushing, shoving, and slapping, but no injuries requiring medical attention. 2 = Moderate/Severe. The physical abuse was frequent or very severe, resulting in serious injuries ordinarily requiring medical attention, including black eyes, broken bones, and severe bruising. Score for exposure to violence if the exposure was frequent or if the violence was very severe, resulting in serious injuries ordinarily requiring medical attention. The term “ordinarily” reflects the fact that the victims of violence may not receive medical attention but, in your estimation, the severity of the injury deserved such attention. | 項目16：在家曾遭受身體虐待與/或暴露於家庭暴力
0 = 無/未知。 1 = 有。有明確的證據顯示，該青少年犯是曾遭受任何照顧者身體虐待的受害者。需有文件記載證明其曾遭受身體傷害，但不一定須有就醫紀錄。暴露於暴力可能包含暴露於暴力的威脅和肢體衝突，包括：推、掌摑，但沒有到需要就醫程度的受傷。 2 = 中度/重度。身體虐待是頻繁或非常嚴重，造成嚴重的傷害，通常需要醫療照顧，包括黑眼圈，骨折，嚴重的瘀傷。需計分為暴露於暴力，如果曝光頻繁，或者這暴力的程度是非常嚴重的，導致”通常”需要接受醫療照護的嚴重傷害。”通常”這個詞反映了一個事實，即暴力行為的受害者可能沒有接受醫療護理，但在你的判斷下，其嚴重程度的傷害應該是需要獲得醫療照護的。 |
Section II. Dynamic Risk Assessment Scale 3. Intervention Items WHEN RATING THE ITEMS IN SCALE 3, TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION ALL DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR, NOT JUST SEX OFFENDING. IF THE JUVENILE HAS ONLY COMMITTED SEX OFFENSES, SIMPLY RATE ITEMS BASED ON THOSE SEX OFFENSES. Item 17: Accepting Responsibility for Offense(s) Description: Accepting full responsibility for one’s offense(s) means no redirecting or assigning some or all of the responsibility for the offenses to others (i.e., the individual does not attribute some of the responsibility to the victim, to friends or other kids, to society, the police, the courts, or others). Any statements suggesting other than full responsibility should be scored as 1 or 2. Scoring: 0 = Accepts full responsibility for sexual and nonsexual offenses without any evidence of minimizing. 1 = Accepts some (but not total) responsibility. Although occasional minimizing may be present, individual does not deny offending. 2 = Accepts no responsibility, or there is full denial. Option 2 also is scored when there is partial denial and/or significant or frequent minimizing. | 第二部、動態風險評估 量表3、處遇項目 當評分量表3的項目時，需考慮到所有的青少年犯罪行為，不是只是性侵犯行為。如果少年僅有犯下性侵犯，則僅需評估基於那 些性犯行的項目。 項目17：接受犯行的責任 描述：接受一個人犯罪的全部責任，意味著沒有再重新歸咎或推掉部分或所有罪行的責任給其他人（譬如：個體不再歸因部分的責任給受害者，給朋友或其他的孩子，給社會、警察、法院、或其他人）。有任何陳述顯示，並非承擔全部責任者，應計分為1或2。 計分：
何證據顯示有刻意去淡化。 爾出現淡化，但個人並不否認犯行。 部分否認與/或明顯或頻繁地去淡化， 選項2也可以被計分。 |
Item 18: Internal Motivation for Change Description: The focus of this item is the extent to which the individual truly experiences offending as out of character and appears to have a genuine desire to change his behaviors to avoid any recurrences. Scoring: 0 = Appears distressed by his offenses and appears to have a genuine desire to change. 1 = There is some degree of internal conflict and distress, mixed with a clear desire to avoid the “consequences” of reoffending. 2 = No internal motivation for change. The juvenile does not perceive a need to change. He may feel hopeless and resigned about life in general, or he may deny ever committing offenses and therefore maintains he does not need to change and/or does not need treatment. Also score 2 if motivation for change is solely external (e.g., to avoid arrest, incarceration, or residential placement). | 項目18：改變的內在動機 描述：這個項目的重點是，個體真心體驗到其犯行是不適切的。且似乎有真誠的動機想去改變自身行為而避免再犯。 計分： 正渴望改變的動機。 一個明確的動機，即想要避免再犯的” 後果”。 變。他可能感到絕望，從一般的生活退 卻下來，或者他可能會拒絕承認曾犯下 的罪行，並因此維持他並不需要改變和/ 或不需要治療的立場。如果改變的動機 是完全來自於外部的因素（例如：為了 避免被逮捕，或被監禁，或被居住安 置），也需計為2分。 |
Item 19: Understands Risk Factors and Applies Risk Management Strategies Description: This item concerns the individual’s knowledge and understanding of factors and situations associated with his offending and the individual’s awareness of risk management strategies and utilization of such strategies. Scoring: 0 = Good understanding and demonstration of knowledge of risk factors and risk management strategies. Knows triggers, cognitive distortions (thinking errors), and high-risk situations. Knows and uses risk management strategies. 1 = Incomplete or partial understanding of risk factors and risk management strategies. Demonstration of knowledge may be present but inconsistent. 2 = Poor or inadequate understanding of risk factors and risk management strategies. Cannot adequately identify triggers, cognitive distortions (thinking errors) and offense-justifying attitudes, high-risk situations, or risk management strategies. | 項目19：了解風險因素，與應用風險管理策略 描述：此項目關心個體對於有關其犯行風險因子與情境的瞭解與知識，還有個體對風險管理策略的覺察和運用。
管理策略的知識。瞭解促發因素、認知 扭曲(思考錯誤)，和高風險情境。瞭解 並使用風險管理策略。
策略的理解。可以展現出來相關知識的理 解，但卻是不一致的。
偏差的或認識不足的。無法適當地辨識觸 發因子、認知扭曲(思考錯誤)、犯罪合 理化的態度、高風險的情況、或風險管理 策略。 |
Item 20: Empathy Description: This item assesses the youth’s capacity for empathy in multiple situations. An attempt should be made to distinguish between statements that appear to reflect genuine feelings and statements that are primarily cognitive and reflect attitudes (e.g., socially desirable responses or genuinely held but strictly intellectual statements). Scoring: 0 = Appears to have a genuine capacity for feeling empathy for his sexual abuse victims and can generalize to others in a variety of situations. 1 = There is some degree of expressed empathy; however, these statements appear to be internalized at a strictly intellectual level or are intended primarily to “look good” or respond in a socially acceptable way. 2 = There is little or no evidence of empathy and clear evidence of callous disregard for the welfare of others. | 項目20：同理心 描述：此項目評估青少年在多種情況下，同理的能力。應設法去區分，似乎反映出了真誠感受的陳述，和主要只是認知層次和反映性的態度（例如：符合社會期待的反應或限縮於理智上陳述的層次），此兩者的不同。
真誠的同理能力，且可以類推至其他情境 下的他人。 陳述似乎只是內化局限於一種理智上的 層次，或者只是主要想嘗試”看起來較 好”或反應出一種社會上可接受的答 案。 有明確的證據，顯示其麻木不仁地漠視 他人的福利。 |
Item 21: Remorse and Guilt Description: This item assesses the extent to which the juvenile expresses thoughts, feelings, and sentiments that reflect remorse for offending and offense-related behavior. This item attempts to assess feelings of regret, guilt, or self-reproach. An attempt should be made to distinguish between statements that appear to reflect genuine feelings and statements that are primarily cognitive and reflect attitudes (e.g., socially desirable responses or genuinely held but strictly intellectual statements about “feeling bad”). Scoring: 0 = Appears to have genuine remorse for his victims and can generalize to other victims. Importantly, remorse appears to be internalized at an affective (emotional) level and is expressed or demonstrated without prompting. 1 = There is some degree of remorse or guilt; however, there are possible egocentric motives (e.g., shame or embarrassment, to avoid incarceration). Score 1 when the remorse appears to be internalized at a strictly cognitive (thinking) level. 2 = There is little or no evidence of remorse for victims. | 項目21：懊悔與罪惡感 描述：此項目評估青少年犯所表達出的思 想，感覺，和反應出對於犯行和犯行相關行為的懊悔情感。這個項目試圖評估後悔、內疚或自責的情感。應設法去區分，似乎反應真誠情感的陳述，和只是認知和反應性態度的陳述(譬如：社會期待反應或只是限縮於理智上的陳述”感覺糟”)。
類化到其他的受害者。更重要的是，悔恨 似乎是內化於一種情感（情緒）的水平， 且自然地表達或展現而不做作。 可能是以自我為中心的動機（例如，羞恥 或慚愧，以避免被監禁）。計分1分，當 悔恨似乎是內化在限縮於認知（思維）層 次的。 |
Item 22: Cognitive Distortions Description: This item assesses distorted ideas, beliefs, or attitudes that justify sexual offending and delinquent behavior. Examples include “She looked older than she was,” “He started it,” and “I didn’t hurt anyone.” Rate this item only for the presence of distorted attitudes. This item should not be influenced by ratings of item 17 (accepting responsibility) and 21 (remorse or guilt). Scoring: 0 = Expresses no distorted thoughts, attitudes, or statements about sexual offending and delinquent behaviors. 1 = Occasional comments, attitudes, or statements reflecting cognitive distortions. 2 = Frequent comments, attitudes, or statements reflecting cognitive distortions. | 項目22：認知扭曲 描述：此項目評估扭曲的想法、信念、或合理化性犯罪和犯罪行為的態度。例子包括：“她看起來似乎比她年紀大的，””是他起頭的“和”我並沒有傷害任何人”。只有存在扭曲的態度時，才評估此項目。此項目不應該受到項目17項（接受責任）和項目21（懊悔或罪惡感）計分的影響。
犯罪和犯罪行為。 認知的扭曲。 認知的扭曲。 |
Item 23: Quality of Peer Relationships Description: This item assesses the nature and quality of the juvenile’s peer relationships, the extent to which his time is occupied by nondelinquent social activity, and the extent to which his peer associations are age appropriate and nondelinquent. Scoring: 0 = Socially active, peer-oriented, and rarely alone; often with friends in structured and unstructured social and/or sports activities; friends are nondelinquent. 1 = A few casual (nondelinquent) friends, some involvement in structured or unstructured activities; or a mix of social activity with delinquent as well as nondelinquent peers. 2 = Withdrawn from peer contact and socially isolated; or no friendships, just “acquaintances”; or most peers are delinquent. | 項目23：同儕關係的品質 描述：此項目評估少年的同儕關係的本質與品質，他的時間花在非犯罪社會活動的程度，還有其同儕關係就其年齡是適當的，而且是非犯罪的。
與朋友在結構和非結構化的社會與/或 參與體育活動；朋友們並非犯罪人。 或非結構化的活動；或者處在一種混雜的 社交活動，譬如同時包括犯罪青少年與 非犯罪同儕。 友誼，或僅是“認識”；或者多數同儕 是違法者。 |
Scale 4. Community Stability/Adjustment Items SCORE THE REMAINING FIVE ITEMS FOR THE PAST 6 MONTHS. OMIT THIS SECTION IF THE JUVENILE IS INCARCERATED IN A CORRECTIONAL FACILITY OR A SECURE RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT PROGRAM. ■If a juvenile has recently been discharged from a correctional facility or secure residential treatment program where he has resided for more than 6 months and is now being assessed in the community, he must have been in the community for at least 3 months in order to score these five items. ■If the juvenile has been incarcerated or has been placed in a secure residential treatment program, he must have been in the community for at least 2 months prior toincarceration in order to score these five items. Item 24: Management of Sexual Urges and Desire Description: This item assesses the extent to which the juvenile manages his sexual urges and desires in socially appropriate and healthy ways. This item does not assess strength of sexual drive (as in item 7). This item assesses the appropriateness of the individual’s sexual behavior. Consider all credible and reliable evidence, self-reported as well as documented in the records. If the governing or index offense occurred within the 6-month window that applies to all Scale 4 items, do not include it when scoring this item. Scoring: 0 = Well-managed expression of sexual urges and desires; all sexual intimate relationships are age appropriate and noncoercive; no evidence of unwanted, sexualized touching or hostile/demeaning sexualized remarks. 1 = Sexual urges and desires are managed appropriately most of the time, with no more than two instances of inappropriate sexual behavior. 2 = Sexual urges and desires are poorly managed. Juvenile engages in inappropriate sexual behavior, frequently gratifying sexual urges in deviant or paraphilic ways. This behavior has been noted on three or more occasions. Examples might include chronic masturbation or compulsive use of pornography. Score 2 for sexual promiscuity (numerous sexual partners out of the context of a relationship). Any instance of coercive sexual behavior is automatically scored 2 unless it is the governing or index offense. | 量表4、社區穩定/適應項目 對於其餘五個項目的計分，主要以過去的6個月期間來看。如果青少年被關押在監獄或一個安全的機構治療計劃，則省略此部分。
項目24：性衝動與性渴望的管理 描述：此項目評估青少年以在社會上所認可適當且健康的方式，管理自己性衝動和欲望的程度。此項目沒有評估性慾強度（如同項目7）。此項目評估個人性行為的適當性。考慮到所有可信和可靠的證據，自我報告和文件檔案中的記錄。如果政府或官方犯罪指數發生在6個月的期間內，且適用於所有量表4的項目，那麼當評分此項目時，不要包括它。
的性親密關係於其年齡是適當的且非強 迫性的；沒有證據顯示，是沒有意願的、 性化的接觸或敵視/貶低的性化言語。 ，不適當的性行為不超過兩個案例。 適當的性行為，經常以越軌或性倒錯的 方式滿足性衝動。此行徑在三個或更多 的場合被注意到。例如：可能包括長期 手淫或強迫性的使用色情媒體。性濫交 （在關係脈絡以外的，多重性伴侶），計 分2分。有任何強迫性性行為的犯行， 是自動打為2分，除非它是官方或犯罪 指數。 |
Item 25: Management of Anger Description: This item assesses the appropriateness of one’s expression of angry feelings. Appropriate expressions are defined here as verbal, nonabusive, and nonviolent expressions of anger. This item does not assess the “pervasiveness” of one’s anger (as in item 10). Rate how well the individual manages and expresses feelings of anger in his relationships, at work and with his friends and acquaintances. Scoring: 0 = No evidence of inappropriate anger. Anger consistently is expressed in appropriate ways. 1 = Anger managed appropriately most of the time, with no more than four instances of inappropriate anger 2 = Anger poorly and inappropriately managed, with five or more instances of inappropriate anger. | 項目25：憤怒管理 描述：此項目評估個體表達憤怒情緒的合適性。適當的表達，在這裡被定義為口頭的、非虐待的、和非暴力的憤怒表達。此項目沒有評估一個人的憤怒的“普遍性”（如同項目10）。評估個體在其關係、工作與朋友和認識的人之間，其憤怒感受的管理與表達狀況。
一貫是以適當的方式表達。 當的憤怒案例，不超過4個。 例超過5個或更多。 |
Item 26: Stability of Current Living Situation Description: This item assesses the stability (or instability) of the living situation where the youth is residing at the time of the assessment. If the juvenile is living with his family (birth, foster, or adoptive), this item assesses family stability and is based on the overall adequacy and consistency of the primary family environment. Consider such factors as size of family, number of relocations, and number of changes in the family due to separations, divorce, death, unemployment, and other losses, as well as additions of new members. Consider substance abuse, pornography use, child abuse and neglect, frequent changes in sexual partners, poor or loose boundaries around sexuality, serious illness, psychiatric difficulties, chronic fighting or angry outbursts, family violence, and/or criminal behavior. Instability may also be indicated by frequent changes in the juvenile’s living situation, or when the juvenile is in a high-risk living situation (such as a shelter) or lives in a high-risk location (e.g., near a bar or a playground). Scoring should reflect the stressfulness of the living situation. Score this item, as appropriate, for youths living in group homes or nonsecure residential settings. When scoring this item, consider the number of different sources of instability and the frequency of the instability. Scoring: 0 = Stable. No significant sources of disruption or instability. 1 = Moderate instability. Sources of instability are intermittent. Any very serious sources of instability, even if intermittent, should be scored a 2 (e.g., presence of sexual abuse perpetrated by others or violence in the living situation). 2 = Severe instability. Sources of instability are frequent and chronic occurring at least one or two times a week. | 項目26：目前生活狀況的穩定性
，其居住的生活情境的穩定性（或不穩定性）。如果青少年是與他的家人(親生，寄養或收養）一起居住生活，此項目評估其家庭穩定性是基於”原生”家庭環境的整體適切性與一致性。考慮的因素如：家庭規模、搬遷的次數，在家庭中變動的次數(包括分離，離婚，死亡，失業，和其他損失，以及增加新成員的數量等因素)。考慮藥物濫用，情色刊物的使用，虐待和忽視兒童，頻繁地更換性伴侶，在性方面不佳或鬆散的人際界線、嚴重的疾病、精神疾病、長期的打架或憤怒的爆發、家庭暴力，和/或犯罪行為。
任何不穩定的非常嚴重來源，即使只是間 歇性的，應計分2（例如：存在他人的性 侵犯或生活情境存在暴力） 長期性發生的，每周發生的頻率至少一或 兩次以上。 |
Item 27: Stability in School Description: This item assesses the stability (or instability) of the youth’s behavior in school. For example, instability would be evidenced by truancy, repeatedly coming to school late, suspensions or expulsions, and use of alcohol or drugs at school. If the youth is not in school, score this item for the stability of his day, e.g., the stability of the youth’s behavior at work. For the most part, the exemplars of instability are consistent across settings. For example, in the work setting, instability may be evident in failing to come to work, coming to work late, or being fired. If the juvenile is not in school or not in work, score 1. Scoring: 0 = Stable/Minimal (no more than a single incident). 1 = Unstable (with no more than two or three incidents). 2 = Highly Unstable (with four or more incidents). | 項目27：在學校的穩定性 描述：此項目評估青少年在學校行為的穩定性（或不穩定性）。例如，不穩定性會顯現於，逃學、多次上學遲到、留校察看或退學，於學校使用酒精或毒品。如果青少年不是在學校裡，此項目的計分，以評估他每天的穩定性為主，例如，青少年在工作的行為穩定性。對於在大多數情況下，不穩定的案例，是跨情境很一致的。例如，在工作環境中，不穩定性可能是顯而易見的，包括沒有來上班，或來上班遲到，或者常被解僱。如果青少年沒有在學校或沒有工作，計1分。 計分： |
Item 28: Evidence of Positive Support Systems Description: This item considers the relative presence or absence of support systems that the youth has available to him in the community and that he uses for positive support. Support systems may include (1) apparently supportive family members, extended families, foster families, (2) friends, or (3) significant others, such as therapists, juvenile probation officers, and social service caseworkers. Positive supports also may be indicated by participation in (4) organized after-school sports and activities and (5) involvement in organized religious activities. Scoring: 0 = Considerable support systems (three or more of the above apply). 1 = Some support systems (one or two of the above applies). 2 = No known support systems or only negative supports. | 項目28：具正向支持系統的證據
述系統）。 統）。 持。 |
(End) | |