黎明國中高三英文第一次段考試題

Cloning, chemotherapy, gene mapping, in vitro fertilization, polio vaccine—most of us are familiar with these medical terms, even some of us have benefited from these __17__ medical advances. But __18__, there are few people knowing the name of Henrietta Lacks.

Thanks to the woman’s cells, they __19__ many scientific achievements. In laboratories, the woman’s cells are usually __20__ “HeLa”. If we piled all HeLa cells ever __21__ onto a scale, they would weigh more than 50 million kilograms. Henrietta’s cells are collected before she __22__ by a surgeon without her or her family’s previous knowledge. As a consequence, the researches of Henrietta’s cells are kept secret from her family for nearly half a decade. Upon knowing this, her family suffered from a feeling of __23__ advantage of by the science and the press that published articles about the cells without informing them in advance.

Rebecca Skloot, the author of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, writes in a __24__ view for both Henrietta and her family. __25__ Skloot attempts to do is try to raise concern of the rights for patients of knowing, the issue of medical ethics overlooked, and the more important is to record Henrietta Lacks’s contribution to the world.

Australia, a paradise for many visitors, is known for its natural beauty as well as cultural diversity. Here, rare animal species can be found in well-protected __26__. It also has the largest coral reefs over the Great Barrier Reef __27__ are a great variety of marine animals. In every big city, delicacies from around the world can be easily tasted. In the country, locals will even surprise tourists with the amount of livestock they keep. However, as increasing numbers of tourists visit this relatively virgin land, it seems really challenging to maintain its purity and __28__.

For example, along the coastline of Gold Coast are hotels soaring high. On weekends, trash and beer bottles can be found left after parties, which __29__ the water as well as the beach, which is one of the cleanest of the world. In national parks, tourists are not allowed to take photos of koalas with flash __30__ they scare these timid animals. If not __31__, tourists will eat, drink, and talk loudly inside the world-famous Sydney Opera House. Even the sculpture of Captain Cook, __32__ the first English captain arriving in Australia, has been terribly scrabbled and drawn by tourists. The condition __33__ in small churches, which are supposed to be a peaceful place, as more and more cell-phone rings and loud talks spoil the serenity of these sacred places.

Needless to say, tourism brings in fortunes to this country, but somehow it also __34__ its natural and cultural treasures. While some gladly join the rising trend of tourism and immigration, others struggle to restore peace in this virgin land.

Ebola. The very word sends a chill down many people’s backs. It is a mysterious and fatal disease. Scientists still don’t really know __35__ people originally get infected, and there is no cure or vaccine to help those who have been infected. Most Ebola cases have occurred in Central Africa, infecting over 1,500 people and causing over 1,000 deaths in total over the past 30 years.

Humans initially get infected from monkeys, but scientists can’t assure that monkeys are the carriers. As being infected, the patient will have all __36__, including fever, head and muscle aches, vomiting, and internal and external bleeding. Ebola is able to spread easily and quickly by __37__ with infected blood, other bodily fluids, or dead patients. The only help that a doctor can give Ebola patients is to keep them hydrated with enough water—and isolated the patient from other people.

__38__ this is a fatal disease, fortunately its overall impact may be somewhat limited. Each previous outbreak only infected a few hundred individuals and was usually over within a few weeks. Also, because of the Internet and modern medical science, new outbreaks are identified much earlier than before, and teams of international doctors can fly to and quarantine the site before too much harm can be done.

You’ve no doubt seen pictures or shots of women carrying heavy loads in baskets on their heads. You might think of this as a kind of __39__ and unusual punishment. Actually, what might seem dangerous to you is a piece of cake to these, mostly African and Asian, women.

In rural areas without good roads, many products are transported by people. Water from wells, produce from fields, and construction supplies like bricks are often moved in baskets balanced on the heads of women. This is not as __40__ as it may seem. These women can carry as much as 20% of their body weight on their head with ease. They can walk around with this weight using no more energy than if they were carrying no __41__ at all!

Only when loads __42__ 20% of their body weight do severe neck or back injuries occur. However, research shows that if women start carrying loads on their heads in childhood, they will experience less harm later in life than those that pick up the custom when they are older.

Ernest Hemingway was a highly praised American author. His straightforward writing set him apart from his __43__ of that time. As a child, he enjoyed fishing, hunting, and other outdoor activities. Hemingway loved to write, too. As a student, he covered sports for his high school newspaper and after graduating, he worked as a journalist.

In Europe during World War I, Hemingway served as a volunteer ambulance driver. After the war, he became a member of a group of foreign artists living in France. In The Sun Also Rises, he wrote about his generation’s confusion about life after the war. He traveled widely and maintained an active lifestyle. Sadly, in 1961, he __44__ suicide.

Perhaps his greatest work, the one for __45__ he received a Pulitzer Prize, was The Old Man and the Sea. The tale depicts an __46__ battle between an old man and a mighty marlin. Honor in defeat is its theme. For those interested in how a man in the face of hopelessness turns himself into a hero, be sure to read this novella!

Taiwan’s Ministry of Labor has 47 new laws applying to online food delivery companies after two delivery drivers were killed in accidents during 2019’s National Day holidays. The deaths of the drivers revealed that they, along with thousands of other couriers, weren’t 48 to any labor insurance benefits. This was because the companies they worked for, Foodpanda and Uber Eats, had listed the drivers as contractors rather than company employees.

While online food delivery platforms like these have exploded in popularity recently, the drivers who make this service possible face dangerous traffic conditions each day they’re on the job. Despite the risky nature of their work, some of the companies that hire them avoid providing insurance by claiming they contracted drivers from other companies rather than 49 their own employees. However, an 50 found that of the more than 45000 people doing delivery work in Taiwan, only around 1300 are actually contractors, with the rest being directly employed. The MOL 51 fines on several of these companies for violating labor laws by failing to offer insurance benefits to drivers, as well as not keeping worker attendance or record cards.

In response to the deaths of the two drivers and reports of injuries from others, the MOL wrote up new requirements to safeguard both contractors and employees of the companies. The law

52 that delivery companies provide a minimum of NT$2 million in accident insurance to their drivers in the case of disability or death. The drivers also cannot be required to work on typhoon holidays. Any companies that fail to abide by these regulations will be fined NT$100,000. Delivery drivers should now find themselves with better protections against the 53 of their job.

(A) panics (B) quarantine (C) retired (D) outbreaks (E) league (AB) crashed

(AC) crushing (AD) combat (AE) epidemic (BC) racked (BD) tributes (BE) infected

(A) Special passenger carriages are used, and oxygen is supplied to any passenger who needs it.

(B) With the speed of 100 km/hr, passenger trains on the Qingzang Railway will travel 4,064 km in

distance and at a height of 4,000 meters sea level from China to Tibet in 48 hours.

(C) They even have to spread animal dung over it to encourage wild animals to pass through.

(D) The Chinese government says the Qinghia-Tibet Railway will bring economic and social

progress to both China and Tibet.

(E) For one, 96 km of the track is built on frozen ground that becomes muddy during the summer.

When LOHAS followers buy food, they make both healthy and sustainable choices. Being healthy goes beyond what they eat, involving treating their body and mind respectfully. LOHAS followers thereby would use techniques like yoga and meditation to make them feel calm, healthy and happy. Sustainability is another concept defining the LOHAS movements. When shopping for any product, they consider whether it has excess packaging, or uses non-renewable materials.

With more and more people joining the LOHAS movements, products made from recycled materials are becoming popular, including construction site rubbish and even used car airbags! Relative businesses thus bloom. The Freitag Bag Company in Switzerland, for example, makes their products from recycled items like truck covers, seat belts, and airbags. Each piece is hand-made from different recycled materials. For Freitag, sustainability goes beyond the products they make and the outgrowth is great! They even built a new store in Zurich, where they didn’t use traditional building materials for it. Instead they made it from old shipping containers stacked on top of each other! Apparently, nothing is viewed as rubbish at Freitag because all things can be reused well.

The more people choose to buy sustainable products, the more commonplace they will become. If we all stopped eating unhealthy foods, they would disappear from shelves and healthier ones would take their places in the supermarkets. LOHAS followers as well as companies that follow LOHAS have manifested this notion by acting it out. And now it needs more people to testify its power and its influences on the health of ourselves as well as the planet.

It was the article that filled the Internet with comments, links, and blog posts. Entitled “Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior,” this short article in both the print and online versions of the Wall Street Journal certainly caused quite a controversy. Even the article’s title rubbed some people the wrong way, and many even doubted the points in the article.

Written by Amy Chua, a second-generation Chinese-American and law professor at Yale University, the article attempted to explain how Chinese mothers in America are able to raise so many stereotypically successful children. She began by listing all of the things that most American kids do, but that her two daughters were never allowed to do, when growing up: no sleepovers, no play dates, no TV, no computer games, and no grade below an A. In addition, the two had to learn a musical instrument, and it had to be the piano or the violin.

Chua’s parents were of Chinese descent, and they immigrated to the United States from the Philippines. Raised in a strict fashion in the United States, Chua excelled academically and ended up with degrees from Ivy League schools. When Chua became a parent, she was determined that her children, third-generation Chinese, would not be raised like most other American kids. She wanted to raise them, in her words, as a “Chinese mother”—strict, demanding, and unyielding.

Reactions to the article, and Chua’s parenting techniques, have been varied. Some say that some of her actions, including calling one daughter “garbage” and not allowing another to eat dinner or go to the bathroom until a piano piece had been learned, can be regarded as abuse. Others point out that the article was published a few days before the release of Chua’s book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, and was deliberately controversial in order to boost sales.

One thing is certain: the article has certainly raised questions in America—and around the world—about which style of parenting is best. Is a more permissive Western style better? Or is a more demanding Eastern style ideal? Or could it be a combination of the two?

An old saying goes like this, “A child is born in part; he is made in part.” Even for the most gifted individual, a nurturing and caring environment is essential to help a child achieve success. Environment has far-reaching consequences in determining what a child can do. A child does not learn until exposed to a learning environment. And in most cases, it’s the family environment that decides what a child should learn. If Mom and Dad enjoy and value certain activities—music, sport or whatever—chances are that the child would be exposed to that particular learning environment. Many of the pianist, singer or tennis player would admit that they began their first lesson because their parents wanted it that way.

Initially it may be because parents want to share something that they themselves enjoy with their kids. But later if they see a spark of talent in children, then they would try to promote that talent by providing a stimulating environment. Parental involvement thus plays a vital role for achieving children’s success in the future. Parents will devote their time, money and often need to make sacrifices to provide their kids with those things—expensive musical instruments or sports gear—required to pursue that particular talent. Natural talent can flourish only under favorable conditions, like those seeds that lay frozen till the environment is suitable to bloom.

But here lies the danger. At times, the parents put too much at stake for their children’s success. They become pushy and in turn force their children to move forward. The children before they realize what’s coming over are forced to enact the role of “dream achiever.” The environment that was meant to nurture their talent could turn into a suffocating condition and destroy the bud before it turn into beautiful flower.

So the parents must understand the need to draw a line between encouragement and enforcement. Parents should also encourage their children born without expecting the so called gift of talent. In a supportive environment, these children can also develop their potential which in the beginning may not be at par with the gifted ones. In fact, their success rate is much higher as they do not fear rejection or feeling stressed out with the pressure of achieving something. They develop as a whole human being, just good at one particular thing, which is the case with the talented children.

We must remember that every human being nurtures a desire to be “somebody” some day. If we provide children with a supportive environment, give them the opportunity to learn and encourage them to develop themselves, they also have the potential to become successful, whether gifted or not.