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108
年公務、關務人員升官等考試、
108
年交通
事業郵政、公路、港務人員升資考試試題
等 級：簡任
類科（別）：各類科－公務、各類別－關務
科 目：中華民國憲法與英文
考試時間：2小時 座號：
※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。
代號：
10120
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19520
30120
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30420
頁次：
4
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1
甲、申論題部分：（50 分）
不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。
請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。
本科目除專門名詞或數理公式外，應使用本國文字作答。
一、為保護兒童及少年權益，衛生福利部擬修正兒童及少年福利與權益保障
法，規定無業者在場看管之自動販賣機，因無法辨認或查驗消費者是否
已滿 18 歲，機內不得放置含酒精成分之食品、飲料，以及有害兒童及
少年身心健康之書籍與物品，供消費者夾取與購買。甲為經營選物販賣
機業者，主張其開業時並無此等禁令，現若果以此嗣後訂定之新法對其
機具中原有放置之內容物相繩，將違反法令不溯及既往之法治國原則，
顯屬違憲。試問：甲之主張有無理由？（25 分）
二、國家以設立股份有限公司之組織形式，提供人民信件傳遞之通訊服務，
或是商港港埠規劃、建設及經營管理業務，以提升彈性及效率。試問：
此等國營公司於業務範疇內對人民從事私法行為時，是否應受憲法平等
原則之拘束？（25 分）
乙、測驗題部分：（50 分） 代號：2101
本測驗試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當的答案，複選作答者，該題不予計分。
共25題，每題2分，須用2B鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。
1 To your level of competency in speaking a foreign language, you need to practice it every day.
dropviolateassignmaintain
2 The body reacts to high levels of mercury, which have been linked to many such as muscle
pain, hair loss, birth defects, and muscle fatigue.
speciesspectrumsstereotypessymptoms
3 Hundreds of monkeys are free throughout the campus, approaching people and expecting to be fed.
escortingroamingswampingtailgating
4 Nowadays, those who possess better knowledge in technologies will have higher chance to be
employed, because their ______ in the field will help companies to meet future needs.
expertise avoidance surprise disinterest
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5 About ten years ago, Roger came across the of his life; he was bankrupted, divorced and was
diagnosed with cancer.
nadirnovice influence peace
依下文回答第 6題至第 10 題
You may believe that you have forgotten the mother tongue you spoke as a child, but your brain hasn't.
That “forgotten” first language may well influence 6 goes on in your brain when you speak English or
Japanese today. Researchers from McGill University and the Montreal Neurological Institute describe their
discovery that even brief, early 7 to a language influences how the brain processes sounds from a
second language later in life -- even when the first language learned is 8 spoken. It is an important
finding because it tells scientists not only how the brain becomes wired for language, but also how that
hardwiring can change and 9 over time in response to new language environments. The researchers
believe that their findings speak to the unique and 10 influence of early language experience on later
brain organization. The information may also be important for creating educational practices geared to
different types of learners.
6 whichwhathowwhere
7 escapeexpulsionevaluationexposure
8 no longer no soonerfrequentlylately
9 adoptadaptadornadore
10 pending farming lasting checking
依下文回答第 11 題至第 15 題
Communication is of basic importance within science itself. I think we would all agree that free
communication is essential for progress in science, 11 there have been problems at the frontier with
technology because in the world of commerce you cannot reveal everything you are doing. These frontier
problems have been 12 in recent times; in many fields, my own of molecular biology 13 , the old
openness has to some extent disappeared. Some of my younger colleagues do not want to talk in public about
their work, because they think that if they speak about their own “secret,” somebody else will 14 it and
make money out of it. Of course, this is only a partial view: science is also for the benefit of mankind. But
the process of 15 knowledge from the academic world, with its tradition of openness, to the world of
technology and commerce does present difficulties that have still not been resolved. In my view they are very
serious problems.
11 even thoughso thatof coursein fact
12 extraditedexacerbatedexecutedexonerated
13 in case on account on average in particular
14 expect exploitexpendexplode
15 transmitting transactingtranscendingtranscribing
代號：
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30120
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頁次：
4
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3
依下文回答第 16 題至第 20 題
The concept of money laundering regulations goes back to ancient times and is intertwined with the
development of money and banking. Money laundering is first seen with individuals hiding wealth from the
government to avoid taxation or confiscation or a combination of both. Nowadays it has evolved into a
complex and highly technical process of transforming profits from illegal activities into 16 “legitimate”
assets without raising the suspicion of law enforcement agencies. After money has been suitably laundered or
“cleaned,” it can be used in the mainstream economy for accumulation of wealth, such as acquisitions of
properties, or otherwise spent.
Many governments around the world have become increasingly 17 in their efforts to combat
money laundering by passing anti-money-laundering regulations. These regulations require financial
institutions to have systems in place to detect and report suspected money-laundering activities. Accordingly,
law enforcement agencies of many jurisdictions have set up sophisticated systems in an effort to detect
suspicious transactions or activities, and many have set up international cooperative arrangements to assist
each other in these 18 .
However, the use of the Internet allows money launderers to easily 19 detection. The rise of online
banking institutions, anonymous online payment services, peer-to-peer transfers using mobile phones, and
the use of virtual currencies such as Bitcoin have made detecting the illegal transfer of money even more
difficult. Money can also be laundered through online auctions and sales, gambling websites, and even virtual
gaming sites, where ill-gotten money is converted into gaming currency, then transferred back into real,
usable, and 20 “clean” money.
As money launderers attempt to keep one step ahead of law enforcement, international organizations
and governments are continuing their team effort to find new ways to detect them.
16 considerablyseeminglyphysicallywickedly
17 compulsiveformidableskepticalvigilant
18 alternativesendeavorsincentivesoptions
19 concedepromptskirtterminate
20 abnormalinadequateirreversibleuntraceable
依下文回答第 21 題至第 25 題
Culture is a word that everyone is familiar with, but its precise meaning can be elusive. A useful
definition by noted social scientist Geert Hofstede is that culture consists of shared mental programs that
condition individuals’ responses to their environment. There are three levels involved in the mental
programing: The deepest level--human nature--is based on common biological reactions, such as sex, drive,
hunger and territoriality that all members of the human race have in common, even though they come from
different cultures. The middle level--culture--is based on common experiences that we share with a particular
group of our fellows. Cultural values, attitudes and assumptions about proper behavior give us something in
common with a definable group of others, but not with all of them. The group may be a very large one, such
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頁次：
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as a national population, i.e. Japanese culture; or a very small one, i.e. the culture of the committee of a local
parent-teacher association. The shallowest level--personality--is based on the specific genetic makeup and
personal experiences that make each of us a unique individual. For example, we may be sociable or
introverted, aggressive or submissive, and emotional or stable. We all have many behaviors and
understandings that are quite different from those of others, even though we come from the same culture.
Culture also has the following basic characteristics. First, culture is mental programming that a group
has in common that is not normally available to people outside the group. Second, the mental programing of
a group is learned by its members over long periods as they interact with the environment and with each
other. Third, the mental programming involved is strong. People have a hard time escaping their culture even
when they want to. Fourth, culture is not random as it is a system of values, attitudes, beliefs, and meanings
that are related to each other and to the context. Last, much of culture is concealed. Besides immediate
surface behaviors, such as body language, and physical artifacts like art, culture also involves the underlying
values, social structures, and ways of thinking.
21 What is the main purpose of the passage?
To explain what culture means.
To describe how culture may develop.
To explicate what values culture may have.
To discuss whatpotential effects culture may exert.
22 Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “concealed” in the passage?
privateinvisiblemysticalconfusing
23 According to the passage, which of the following may NOT be true?
The middle level of mentalprograming is specific to groups.
The deepest level of mental programing is universal and biological.
The shallowest level of mental programing is shared by all individuals of the same culture.
The surface features of individuals’ behaviors are often manifestations of mental programing.
24 According to the passage, which of the following is correct about the features of culture?
Culture is largely manifest.
Culture is learned and enduring.
Culture exerts mild influence on behavior.
Culture is a random assortment of customs and behaviors.
25 According to the passage, why may it be insufficient to observe only social behaviors if one wants to
fully understand cultures?
Because social behaviors are transient.
Because social behaviors are too versatile.
Because social behaviors are not observable.
Because social behaviors only portray a small portion of cultures.
類科名稱：
108年公務、關務人員升官等考試、108年交通事業郵政、公路、港務人員升資考試
科目名稱：中華民國憲法與英文（試題代號：2101)
測驗式試題標準答案
考試名稱：
農業化學、勞工行政、交通技術、畜牧技術、衛生技術、藥事、社會工作、獸醫、農畜水產品檢驗、矯正、原子能、林業技術、農業行政、園藝、審計、情報行政、都市計畫技術、金融保險、水土保持工程、地政、
環境工程、電信工程、技藝、電力工程、人事行政、教育行政、社會行政、廉政、文化行政、水產技術、資訊處理、戶政、礦冶材料、農業技術、經建行政、海巡行政、環保技術、新聞、工業工程、機械工程、土木
工程、一般民政、原住民族行政、司法行政、一般行政、景觀設計、法制、建築工程、電子工程、植物病蟲害防治、衛生行政、化學工程、交通行政、會計、外交事務、航空駕駛、水利工程、物理、環保行政、醫學
工程、財稅行政、安全保防、結構工程、關務類、技術類（選試電機機械研究）、技術類（選試系統分析研究）
單選題數：25題 單選每題配分：2.00分
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