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選擇建功‧1‧尊榮一生
110 學年度技術校院四年制與專科學校二年制統一入學測驗
外語群英語類（專二）試題
第一部分：選擇題（ 60 分）
一、綜合測驗：下面三篇短文共有 15 題，每篇各有 5題，為第 1 – 15 題，每題 2分，共
30 分，請依短文文意，選出一個最適合該空格的答案。
▲閱讀下文，回答第 1－5題
Research has established that transportation workers have the highest COVID-19 risk
score, 75.7 out of an average 30.2, of 966 non-health jobs assessed. Requirements to provide
a negative COVID-19 test before boarding don’t eliminate the danger of 1. . Although
the air on planes is cleaner than that of almost all other indoor spaces due to the sophisticated
air circulation system, planes are still not completely safe. Flight attendants are more 2.
from COVID-19 than anyone else on a plane, just by the nature of their work. Close quarters
mean they come within six feet of every passenger and each other multiple times during a
flight. Flight attendants are 3. to contracting the virus when passengers remove their
masks to eat or drink and when trying to convince an anti-masker to comply 4. rules.
Federal protections for crew members are limited, and each airline has its own set of policies.
In the meantime, cabin crew members are still left with open-to-interpretation guidelines that
vary from airline to airline – and few consequences for passengers who defy them. Besides
that, other COVID-19 related workplace concerns remain, such as 5. policies on contact
tracing, testing, and quarantine, plus potential consequences for crew members who miss
shifts to isolate after exposure to the virus.
【中譯】
研究表明，在 966 份被評估的非健康工作中，運輸工人的 COVID-19 風險得分最高，
以75.7 分對比平均 30.2 分。登機前提供陰性 COVID-19 檢測的要求並不能消除被感染
的危險。儘管由於複雜的空氣循環系統，飛機上的空氣比幾乎所有其他室內空間都要乾
淨，但飛機仍然不是完全安全的。空服員比在飛機上任何人都更容易感染 COVID-19 病
毒的危險，這僅僅是因為他們的工作性質。近距離意味著他們在飛行中會多次來到每個
乘客的 6英尺範圍內。當乘客摘下口罩進食或飲水，以及試圖說服反口罩者遵守規則時，
空服員很容易感染病毒。聯邦政府對機組人員的保護是有限的，每個航空公司都有自己
的一套政策。與此同時，機組人員仍然有隨意解釋的準則，這些準則因航空公司而異，
而且對違抗這些準則的乘客也沒什麼影響。除此之外，其他與 COVID-19 相關的工作場
所問題依然存在，例如接觸追蹤、檢測和檢疫政策不一致，以及機組人員在接觸病毒後
錯過隔離班次的潛在後果。
選擇建功‧2‧尊榮一生
D 1.(A)infect (B)infected (C)infecting (D)being infected
【詳解】
介係詞 of 之後要用動名詞；「被感染的」危險應選被動語態 being infected
B 2.(A)at most (B)at risk (C)at once (D)at random
【詳解】
(A)頂多 (B)冒風險 (C)立刻 (D)隨便，任意
B 3.(A)affordable (B)vulnerable (C)reliable (D)capable
【詳解】
(A)負擔得起的 (B)易受…的 (C)可靠的 (D)有能力的
D 4.(A)to (B)in (C)for (D)with
【詳解】
慣用語 comply with「服從」
B 5.(A)invaluable (B)inconsistent (C)indispensable (D)intellectual
【詳解】
(A)無價的 (B)不一致的 (C)不可缺少的 (D)有知識的
▲閱讀下文，回答第 6－10 題
Leonarde Keeler was named after the polymath Leonardo da Vinci. Leonarde Keeler,
6. , was responsible for using the modern version of the polygraph in the 1930s.
Polygraph lie detector testing, once used almost exclusively for criminal cases, is being used
by more and more companies for screening candidates. It is used in the workplace 7.
checking the information that job seekers are asked to include on their application forms:
availability for work, proof of legal employment status, salary requirements, drug use and
even medical history. A recent study on the use of the lie detector by private industry states
reasons for its growing popularity. Using a lie detector is one of the easiest and cheapest
ways to validate a large amount of information from many job applicants. Using lie
detectors, employers can ask job seekers many questions 8. spending all the time and
money to verify the truthfulness of the responses of every applicant’s answers. Lie detectors
are referred to as emotion detectors, and their purpose is to measure body changes that 9.
what a person says. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure and the electrical activity of the
skin are recorded by the polygraph machine. Lie detectors are being used by businesses that
want 10. ways of detecting the truth. However, the results are not always accurate. In
other words, lie detectors are not necessarily reliable and the machine may record a “lie.” ˉ
選擇建功‧3‧尊榮一生
【中譯】
萊昂納多·基勒是以博學家達文西的名字命名的。萊昂納多·基勒是測謊儀的共同發
明者，他負責在 20 世紀 30 年代現代版本的測謊儀的使用。測謊儀曾經幾乎只用於刑事
案件，現在被越來越多的公司用於篩選應試者。在工作場所，它被用作檢查求職者在申
請表中應包括的資訊的一種手段：是否有工作可用度、合法就業狀況的證明、薪水要求、
用藥甚至病史。最近一項關於私營企業使用測謊儀的研究指出了其日益風行的原因。使
用測謊儀是驗證許多求職者大量資訊的最簡單、最便宜的方法之一。使用測謊儀，雇主
可以問求職者很多問題，而不是花費所有的時間和金錢來驗證每個求職者答案的真實
性。測謊儀被稱為情緒探測器，其目的是量測身體的變化，與一個人說的話相矛盾。用
測謊儀記錄心率、血壓和皮膚電子活動的變化。測謊儀正被那些希望有保證的方法來檢
測真相的企業所使用。然而，結果並不總是準確的。換句話說，測謊儀不一定可靠，機
器可能會記錄一個「謊言」。
D 6.(A)he co-invented the polygraph (B)was co-inventing the polygraph (C)the polygraph
was co-invented (D)who co-invented the polygraph
【詳解】
此句前有主詞 Leonarde Keeler，後有動詞 was responsible for…，應選關代引導形容詞子
句who co-invented the polygraph 修飾主詞
C 7.(A)in spite of (B)regardless of (C)as a means of (D)with an exception of
【詳解】
(A)儘管 (B)不顧 (C)作為…的手段 (D)除…外
A 8.(A)instead of (B)in terms of (C)in case of (D)in favor of
【詳解】
(A)而不是 (B)就…方面來說 (C)如果、以免 (D)有利於
D 9.(A)ridicule (B)devour (C)prescribe (D)contradict
【詳解】
(A)嘲笑 (B)狼吞虎嚥 (C)開（藥方）、規定 相矛盾
B 10.(A)guarantee (B)guaranteed (C)guarantees (D)guaranteeing
【詳解】
用過去分詞 guaranteed 當形容詞修飾 ways，表示「有被擔保的方法」
▲閱讀下文，回答第 11－15 題
The idea of microfinance and microenterprises was developed by Muhammad Yunus,
founder of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. A microenterprise is a type of business with a
small team, often registered, requiring 11. capital of no more than $35,000. The term
選擇建功‧4‧尊榮一生
microenterprise connotes different entities and sectors depending on the country. Generally
speaking, in developed countries, microenterprises make up the smallest end of the small
business sector, 12. microenterprises in developing countries constitute the vast majority
of the small business sector – a result of the relative lack of formal sector jobs available for the
poor. Microenterprises add value to a country’s economy by creating jobs, enhancing
income, strengthening purchasing power, lowering costs, and adding business convenience.
According to data from the Development Bank of Latin America, microenterprises represent
88 percent of total companies in Latin America, where they are engaged in self-employment
activities. Microlending has become an alternative 13. traditional lending for
businesses in communities that don’t have access to traditional funding. Microbusinesses
and small businesses that are in underserved areas or have low credit 14. can use private
microlending organizations for marketing campaigns, inventory or supplies, and seasonal
expenses. Some states and organizations offer help for small and microbusinesses.
Nebraska, for instance, gives an income tax credit of up to $10,000 based on “demonstrated
growth” of the business over the past two years. However, official policies often make
business difficult for microentrepreneurs. Deposit services are rarely 15. to these
businesspeople, especially in rural areas. The small loans microentrepreneurs usually need
are less attractive to traditional formal financial institutions because of their high transaction
costs.
【中譯】
小額信貸和微型企業的想法是由孟加拉鄉村銀行創始人穆罕默德·尤努斯提出的。微
型企業是一種擁有小團隊的企業，通常是註冊的，需要的原始資本不超過 35000 美元。
微型企業一詞指不同的實體和部門，視國家而定。一般來說，在已開發國家，微型企業
占小企業部門的最小部分，而開發中國家的微型企業占小企業部門的絕大多數，這是由
於窮人相對缺乏正規部門的工作機會。微型企業通過創造就業機會、增加收入、增強購
買力、降低成本和增加商業便利性，為國家經濟增加價值。根據拉丁美洲開發銀行的數
據，微型企業占拉丁美洲從事自營職業活動的公司總數的 88%。小額貸款已成為社區企
業獲得傳統貸款的替代方案。處於服務不足地區或信用評級較低的微型企業和小企業可
以利用私人小額貸款組織進行行銷活動、庫存或供應以及季節性開支。一些州和組織為
小型和微型企業提供幫助。以內布拉斯加州為例，根據該公司過去兩年的「明顯業績增
長」，提供該公司的所得稅抵免額高達 10000 美元。然而，官方政策往往使微型企業家
難以經營。存款服務很少針對這些商人，特別是在農村地區。微型企業家通常需要的小
額貸款對傳統正規金融機構的吸引力較小，因為它們的交易成本很高。
選擇建功‧5‧尊榮一生
B 11.(A)monopoly (B)seed (C)province (D)vigor
【詳解】
(A)壟斷、專賣 (B)種子 (C)省、州 (D)活力
商業用語 seed capital「原始資本」
D 12.(A)besides (B)except (C)unless (D)whereas
【詳解】
(A)此外 (B)除…之外 (C)除非 (D)然而、反之
C 13.(A)from (B)in (C)to (D)with
【詳解】
慣用語 an alternative to「…的替代方案」ˉ
B 14.(A)notes (B)ratings (C)means (D)scraps
【詳解】
(A)注釋、筆記 (B)評級 (C)方法 (D)廢料、碎片
A 15.(A)geared (B)compelled (C)suspended (D)inflated
【詳解】
(A)針對、配搭活動 (B)強制 (C)懸掛 (D)使充氣
二、閱讀測驗：下面三篇短文共有 15 題，每篇各有 5題，為第 16－30 題，每題 2分，
共30 分，請閱讀短文後，選出最適當的答案。
▲閱讀下文，回答第 16－20 題
Meet the People’s Company. Like a democracy, it can be a noisy place where citizens
sometimes think the people in charge have no idea what they’re doing. But at eBay, the
online auction site, the people are in charge. Its customers – the 70 million buyers and sellers
who trade here – have the kind of influence that most consumers and businesses can only
dream of. It’s true, eBay has a business model that doesn’t require carrying any inventory.
But the real secret of eBay’s unlikely success is this: it’s a master at capturing the awesome
communication power of the Internet and tracking customers’ every movement, so new
products and services are tailored to just what they want. ( ① )
eBay’s customers are its product development, market research, merchandising, and
sales department – all rolled into one. It’s not just that they have made eBay into a global
marketplace for almost anything, from a $1 baseball card to a $4.9m Gulfstream jet, eBay’s
customers also tell the world about eBay by word of mouth. ( ② ) They crowd online
discussion boards, share tips, point out problems, and lobby for changes. eBay’s customers
even police the site by rating each other. Imagine a retailer trying to do this: interview every
選擇建功‧6‧尊榮一生
single person leaving every store, post a list of what each thought of the shopping experience,
ask them to write up a merchandising plan and call suppliers to arrange deliveries – and oh, by
the way, could they keep an eye out for shoplifting? That’s what eBay’s customers voluntarily
do each day.
Back in 1995, when Pierre Omidyar unveiled Auction Web, he had much more in mind
than simply helping his girlfriend trade Pez dispensers. He aimed to create a market for a
wide range of goods, but with a difference. “I wanted to give the power of the market back
to individuals,” says Omidyar. But his biggest breakthrough was the Feedback Forum, a
rating system that made it easy for buyers and sellers to grade each transaction. Amazingly,
it worked. And positive ratings, which translated to more sales, kept people from going to
other sites.
( ③ ) Since early 1999, eBay has regularly flown sellers and buyers to its
headquarters in California to interview them, asking for their views on new features and
policies. The result: fewer problems. Even when something does go wrong, eBay can
respond quickly.
eBay business is the company’s latest offering, a new site providing businesses with an
e-commerce platform. ( ④ ) However, many rivals aim to be the biggest places for
e-commerce as well, and some are making fast progress. But there’s a bigger question: can
eBay’s values survive such grand ambitions? Omidyar worries that the growing participation
of large commercial sellers could dilute eBay’s unique culture. eBay’s people power makes
building a business simple compared with everything conventional companies must do.
Keeping in touch with all those customers from here on won’t be easy.
【中譯】
認識人民公司。像民主政體一樣，這裡可能是一個嘈雜的地方，公民有時認為當家
作主的人不知道自己在做什麼。但在在線拍賣網站 eBay 上，人民當家。其客戶——在
這裡交易的 7000 萬買家和賣家——擁有大多數消費者和企業夢寐以求的影響力。的確，
eBay 有一種不需要攜帶任何庫存的商業模式。但 eBay 不像是真的成功的真正秘訣是：
它善於捕捉互聯網的驚人通信能力，跟蹤客戶的每一個動作，因此新產品和服務是根據
他們的需求量身定製的。（①）
eBay 的客戶是其產品開發、市場研究、銷售和銷售部門——它們都融為一體。不僅
僅是他們讓 eBay 成為幾乎任何東西的全球市場，從 1美元的棒球卡到價值 490 萬美元
的灣流噴氣機，eBay 的客戶也通過口碑告訴世界 eBay。（②）他們聚集在網上的討論板
上，分享技巧，指出問題，遊說改變。eBay 的客戶甚至通過相互評級來監控網站。想像
一下，一個零售商正在嘗試這樣做：採訪每一個離開每一家商店的人，張貼一份清單，
列出每個人對購物體驗的看法，讓他們寫一份銷售計畫，並打電話給供應商安排送
貨——哦，順便問一下，他們能不能留意一下商店裏的偷竊行為？這是 eBay 客戶每天
選擇建功‧7‧尊榮一生
自願做的事情。
早在1995 年，當皮埃爾·奧米迪亞（Pierre Omidyar）推出拍賣網站時，他想到的遠
不只幫助女友交易 Pez 自動售貨機。他旨在為各種各樣的商品創造一個市場，但有一個
區別。「我想把市場的力量還給個人，」奧米迪亞說。但他最大的突破是「迴響論壇」
（FeedbackForum），這是一個評級系統，可以方便買賣雙方對每筆交易進行評級。令人
驚訝的是，它成功了。而積極的點閱率，轉化為更多的銷售，封鎖人們去其他網站。
（③）自 1999 年初以來，eBay 定期邀請賣家和買家到其位於加利福尼亞州的總部
採訪他們，徵求他們對新功能和政策的看法。結果：問題更少。即使出現問題，eBay 也
可以快速回應。
Bay business 是該公司最新推出的產品，是一個為企業提供電子商務平臺的新網站。
（④）然而，許多競爭對手也希望成為電子商務的最大場所，有些競爭對手正在取得快
速進展。但還有一個更大的問題：eBay 的價值觀能否在如此宏偉的雄心壯志中倖存下
來？奧米迪亞擔心，大型商業賣家的日益參與可能會稀釋 eBay 的獨特文化。與傳統公
司必須做的一切相比，eBay 的人才力量使得建立業務變得簡單。從現在開始與所有這些
客戶保持聯繫並不容易。
C 16.What is the main idea of the passage? (A)How will eBay’s auction strategies work?
(B)Will eBay survive harsh competitions in the future? (C)How does eBay build a unique
relationship with its customers? (D)Will eBay’s fastest-growing new categories turn into its
promising products?
【詳解】
這段文章的主旨是什麼？ (A)eBay 的拍賣策略將如何運作？ (B)eBay 將來能經受住
激烈的競爭嗎？ (C)eBay 如何與客戶建立獨特的關係？ (D)eBay 增長最快的新產品
會成為其有前途的產品嗎？
A 17. Which of the following features of eBay is true? (A)No carrying inventory is needed.
(B)No customer rating is required. (C)No market research is mandated. (D)No customer
refund is allowed.
【詳解】
以下哪些 eBay 的特徵是正確的？ (A)不需要攜帶庫存。 (B)不需要進行客戶評級。
(C)不強制進行市場調查。 (D)不允許向客戶提供退款。
A 18.Why does eBay regularly fly sellers and buyers to its headquarters? (A)eBay wants to get
user input from them. (B)eBay wants them to develop new products. (C)eBay wants to
prevent rivals from making fast progress. (D)eBay wants them to translate product
descriptions into many languages.
【詳解】
選擇建功‧8‧尊榮一生
為什麼 eBay 經常將賣家和買家搭飛機其總部？ (A)eBay 希望從他們那裡得到用戶的意
見。 (B)eBay 希望他們開發新產品。 (C)eBay 希望阻止競爭對手取得快速進展。 (D)
eBay 希望他們把產品描述翻譯成多種語言。
D 19.What is the main secret to eBay’s success? (A)cutting the inventory cost
(B)cooperating with its major rivals (C)hiring its customers to safeguard its site (D)giving
the power of the market back to individuals
【詳解】
eBay 成功的主要秘訣是什麼？ (A)削減庫存成本 (B)與其主要競爭對手合作 (C)
雇用其客戶來保護其網站 (D)將市場的力量還給個人
C 20.Which number indicates the most appropriate place to insert the following sentence?
“Some of its most effective ways of getting user feedback, though, don’t depend on the
Internet.” (A)① (B)② (C)③ (D)④
【詳解】
哪個數字顯示是插入以下句子的最合適位置？「不過，獲得用戶反饋的一些最有效方
法並不依賴於互聯網。」 (A)① (B)② (C)③ (D)④
▲閱讀下文，回答第 21－25 題
The number of older individuals in the U.S. population has grown in the last five decades
and is projected to continue to grow. Based on a study, employment of workers aged 65 or
older has increased by 116 % in the course of 20 years, whereas employment of workers 70
years or older has also increased by 118 % . How is the aging of the population of the United
States related to other nations? The proportion of the population aged 65 or older by country
is shown in Figure 1. For instance, Germany, Spain, and Japan all had at least 20 % of their
population aged 65 and over in 2050. In all countries of the world, growth of the population
aged 65 and older can be observed at different degrees.
12.8
18.7
26.6
14.9
18.9
12.5
21.1
39.8
32.7
37.7
22
27.8
36.6
28.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Korea
Spain
Japan
USA
France
ROC ( Taiwan )
Germany
Percentage
Country
Percentage of Population Aged 65 or over by Country
2050
2015
Figure 1 Percentage of Population Aged 65 or over by Country
選擇建功‧9‧尊榮一生
An aging population poses several economic challenges. Compared to the younger
generation, senior workers tend to have higher wages. Seniority-based wage systems for
older workers may make employers more reluctant to hire older people. Therefore,
employers may convince a 55-year-old employee to take early retirement while they are under
pressure to cut costs. Take away pay scales based on seniority, and older employees can
become a much more attractive proposition for companies. Maintaining the services of older
employees is very important.
Why would company managers hire a 65-year-old worker when a 25-year-old job seeker
is available? There are a few key advantages in hiring old workers. Older workers make
good leaders because they have stronger communication skills and professional networks
compared to younger workers. Secondly, older employees have a solid knowledge with
years of work experiences, and are typically more satisfied with their jobs. They tend to stay
longer. In addition, when they have encountered challenges, they know how to overcome
obstacles. Furthermore, many older workers have an innate ability to coach their younger
peers who show an inclination to succeed in the workplace.
Old workers can find more jobs if the job markets are not rigid and fixed. Often, they
can be self-employed. Self-employment is attractive for older workers who seek more
flexibility and autonomy. Old workers can be frequently self-employed and build their own
companies. A study by David Storey reported that 70 percent of companies built by people
over 55 survived in Britain, compared to a national average of just 19 percent overall. But
whatever pattern of employment they select, the talents of these “gray workers” will be
increasingly recognized in the coming years.
【中譯】
在過去五十年中，美國老年人口的數量一直在增長，預計還會繼續增長。根據一項
研究，65 歲或以上的工人在 20 年間的就業人數增加了 116%，而 70 歲或以上的工作者
的就業人數也增加了 118%。美國人口老齡化與其他國家有何關係？按國家分別的 65 歲
或以上人口比例見圖 1。
例如，在2050 年，德國、西班牙和日本都有至少 20%的65 歲及以上的人口。在世
界各國，65 歲及以上的人口都有不同程度的增長。
選擇建功‧10‧尊榮一生
12.8
18.7
26.6
14.9
18.9
12.5
21.1
39.8
32.7
37.7
22
27.8
36.6
28.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Korea
Spain
Japan
USA
France
ROC ( Taiwan )
Germany
Percentage
Country
Percentage of Population Aged 65 or over by Country
2050
2015
圖1 按國家分列的 65 歲或 65 歲以上人口百分比
人口老齡化帶來了一些經濟挑戰。與年輕一代相比，資深工作者的薪水往往更高。
以年資為基礎的年長職工薪水制度可能會使雇主更不願意雇用年長者。因此，雇主可能
會說服 55 歲的雇員在面臨削減成本的壓力時提前退休。取消基於資歷的薪酬標準，年
長職工可能會成為對公司更有吸引力的提議。維護年長職工的服務非常重要。
既然有 25 歲的求職者，為什麼公司經理會雇傭 65 歲的員工？雇用年長職工有幾個
關鍵的好處。年長職工是優秀的領導者，因為與年輕員工相比，他們有更強的溝通技巧
和專業網絡。第二，年紀較大的員工擁有紮實的知識和多年的工作經驗，通常對自己的
工作更滿意。它們往往停留的時間更長。此外，當他們遇到挑戰時，他們知道如何克服
障礙。此外，許多年長職工有一種天生的能力來指導那些在工作場所表現出成功傾向的
年輕同事。
如果就業市場僵化和固定，年長職工可以找到更多的工作。通常，他們可以是自營
職業者。自營職業對尋求更大靈活性和自主權的老年人很有吸引力。年長職工經常可以
自雇，建立自己的公司。大衛·斯托裡（David Storey）的一項研究報告稱，在英國，由
55 歲以上的人創建的公司中有 70%存活下來，而全國平均水準只有 19%。但無論他們選
擇何種就業模式，這些「灰色工作者」的才能在未來幾年將越來越得到認可。
C 21.What is the main idea of the first paragraph? (A)marketing and sustainability (B)trend
in elderly migration (C)aging of the global population (D)old people’s financial status
【詳解】
第一段的主旨是什麼？ (A)市場行銷和可持續性 (B)老年人遷移的發展趨勢 (C)全
球人口老齡化 (D)老年人的財務狀況
D 22.According to Figure 1, which of the following statements is true? (A)In Japan, the
growing proportion of people aged 65 or older is expected to become 35 % by 2050. (B)In
2050, the proportion of persons aged 65 or over in Taiwan will be two times greater than that
in Germany in 2050. (C)In 2015, Spain had the smallest share of elderly population aged 65
選擇建功‧11‧尊榮一生
or over in Europe, and it is projected to remain so by 2050. (D)Korea is the fastest aging
country in the world in terms of the percentage point increase in the population aged 65 and
over between 2015 and 2050.
【詳解】
根據圖表 1，以下哪些說法是正確的？ (A)在日本，預計到 2050 年，65 歲或以上人口
的比例將不斷增長，預計將達到 35%。 (B)2050 年，臺灣 65 歲或以上人口的比例將是
2050 年德國的兩倍。 (C)2015 年，西班牙在歐洲 65 歲或以上的老年人口比例最小，預
計到 2050 年仍將保 持如此。 (D)根據 2015 年至 2050 年65 歲及以上人口增長比例，
韓國是世界上老齡化最快的國家。
A 23.In the second paragraph, the author suggests that companies should __________.
(A)retain senior employees in the workplaces (B)avoid paying workers by piece rate
(C)raise the minimum wage for young employees (D)offer on-the-job training to older
workers
【詳解】
在第二段中，作者建議公司應該使用__________。 (A)在工作場所留住年長職工 (B)
避免按分段率付給員工 (C)提高青年職工的最低工資 (D)向年長職工提供在職培訓
C 24. According to the third paragraph, which of the following key advantage about old workers
is NOT mentioned? (A)Older workers are better than young people in loyalty. (B)Older
workers are better than young people in mentoring. (C)Older workers are better than young
people in physical strength. (D)Older workers are better than young people in problem
solving.
【詳解】
根據第三段，以下關於年長職工的關鍵優勢是沒有提及的？ (A)年長職工在忠誠方面比
年輕人要好。 (B)年長職工在指導方面比年輕人更好。 (C)年長職工在體力方面比年
輕人要強。 (D)年長職工在解決問題方面比年輕人更好。
A 25. David Storey’s research found that __________. (A)older workers are good at running
their own businesses (B)older workers can benefit from on-the-job training of skills
(C)self-employed young people have increased because of financial difficulties
(D)employers should foster a positive learning environment for older workers
【詳解】
大衛‧斯托裡（David Storey）的研究發現，__________。 (A)年長職工擅長經營自己
的生意 (B)年長職工可以從在職技能培訓中獲益 (C)個體經營青年因經濟困難而增加
(D)雇主應為年長職工營造一個積極的學習環境
選擇建功‧12‧尊榮一生
▲閱讀下文，回答第 26－30 題
A strategic alliance is an arrangement between two companies to undertake a mutually
beneficial project while each retains its independence. The agreement is less complex and
less binding than a joint venture, in which two businesses pool resources to create a separate
business entity. A company may enter into a strategic alliance to expand into a new market,
improve its product line, or develop an edge over a competitor. For example, an owner of a
guesthouse in Yilan, Taiwan, which caters to high-end clients, is now thinking about forging
partnerships with other businesses and developing a new market. He is looking at
establishing partnerships with wedding businesses. Newlyweds could honeymoon in his
guesthouse and have their wedding photos taken in its beautiful environment. The strategists
Yoshino and Rangan have classified the strategic alliance based on two dimensions: Extent of
organizational interaction and conflict among the alliance partners. On the basis of these,
four types of strategic alliances emerge:
Procompetitive Alliances ( low interaction and low conflict ) : Such alliances offer the
benefits of vertical integration, i.e. a relationship between the manufacturer and its suppliers or
distributors.
Noncompetitive Alliances ( high interaction and low conflict ) : This type of alliance is
formed between the companies that operate in the same industry but do not consider each
other as rivals. Their business operations do not coincide and are quite distinctive, so the
feeling of competitiveness does not emerge.
Competitive Alliances ( high interaction and high conflict ) : Two competing firms that
perceive each other as rivals come together to form an alliance. Therefore, the intense
interaction between the two is necessary. Such alliances could be intra-industry or
inter-industry.
Precompetitive Alliance ( low interaction and high conflict ) : Such partnership brings two
firms from different, most often unrelated industries to work towards a specific activity,
such as new technology development, or creating awareness among the potential customers
about the use of new product or idea.
A strategic alliance can, however, bring its own risks. While the agreement is usually
clear for both companies, there may be differences in how the firms conduct business.
Further, if the alliance requires the parties to share information, there must be trust between
the two allies.
【中譯】
策略聯盟是兩家公司之間進行互利專案的安排，而每家公司都保持其獨立性。與合
資企業相比，該協定不那麼複雜，約束力也更小，在合資企業中，兩家企業彙集資源，
選擇建功‧13‧尊榮一生
創建一個單獨的商業實體。公司可以結成策略聯盟，拓展新市場，改進產品線，或發展
優勢於競爭對手。例如，臺灣宜蘭一家迎合高端客戶的賓館老闆，現在正考慮與其他企
業建立合作關係，開拓新市場。他正在考慮與婚禮企業建立合作關係。新婚夫婦可以在
他的賓館度蜜月，並在美麗的環境中拍攝他們的婚紗照。策略家吉野(Yoshino)和蘭根
(Rangan)根據兩個維度對策略聯盟進行了分類：組織互動的程度和聯盟夥伴之間的衝
突。在此基礎上，出現了四種類型的策略聯盟：
Procompetitive Alliances 促進競爭的聯盟（低互動和低衝突）：這種聯盟提供了縱向一體
化的好處，即製造商與其供應商或分銷商之間的關係。
Noncompetitive Alliances 非競爭性聯盟（高互動、低衝突）：這種類型的聯盟是在同一
行業中經營但不把對方視為競爭對手的公司之間形成的。它們的商業運作並不一致，
也很有特色，因此沒有出現競爭力的感覺。
Competitive Alliances 競爭性聯盟（高度互動和高度衝突）：兩個相互競爭的公司，將對
方視為競爭對手，走到一起形成聯盟。因此，兩者之間的激烈互動是必要的。這種聯
盟可以是行業內的，也可以是行業間的。
競爭前聯盟（低互動和高衝突）：這種夥伴關係使兩個來自不同的、通常不相關的行業
的公司致力於一項特定的活動，如新技術開發，或在潛在客戶中創造關於使用新產品
或想法的意識。
然而，策略聯盟也會帶來自身的風險。雖然協定通常對兩家公司都很明確，但兩家
公司在開展業務的管道上可能存在差異。此外，如果聯盟要求雙方共享資訊，那麼兩個
聯盟之間必須有信任。
A 26.Which of the following would be the best title for this article? (A)Cooperative Models of
Strategic Alliances (B)Strategic Alliances: Working with Competitors (C)Risks and
Analytical Tools for Strategic Alliances (D)The Evaluation and Foundation in Strategic
Alliances
【詳解】
以下哪一個是本文的最佳標題？ (A)策略聯盟的合作模式 (B)策略聯盟：與競爭對手
合作 (C)策略聯盟的風險和分析工具 (D)策略聯盟的評價和基礎
C 27. In the following chart, which is the correct arrangement of alliances based on the passage?
(A) ①Procompetitive ②Competitive ③Precompetitive ④Noncompetitive (B) ①
Procompetitive ②Precompetitive ③Noncompetitive ④Competitive (C) ①
Precompetitive ②Competitive ③Noncompetitive ④Procompetitive (D) ①
Precompetitive ②Noncompetitive ③Competitive④Procompetitive
選擇建功‧14‧尊榮一生
【詳解】
在下圖中，哪一種是基於本文的聯盟的正確安排？
(A)①Procompetitive 促進競爭的聯盟 ②Competitive 競爭性聯盟 ③Precompetitive 競爭
前聯盟 ④Noncompetitive 非競爭性聯盟 (B)①Procompetitive 促進競爭的聯盟 ②
Precompetitive 競爭前聯盟 ③Noncompetitive 非競爭性聯盟 ④Competitive 競爭性聯盟
(C)①Precompetitive 競爭前聯盟 ②Competitive 競爭性聯盟 ③Noncompetitive 非競
爭性聯盟 ④Procompetitive 促進競爭的聯盟 (D)①Precompetitive 競爭前聯盟 ②
Noncompetitive 非競爭性聯盟 ③Competitive 競爭性聯盟 ④Procompetitive 促進競爭的
聯盟
D 28. According to the passage, which type of strategic alliance will be mainly adopted by the
guesthouse owner in Yilan? (A)Procompetitive Alliances (B)Noncompetitive Alliances
(C)Competitive Alliances (D)Precompetitive Alliance
【詳解】
根據本文，哪種策略聯盟將被宜蘭賓館所有者採用？ (A)促進競爭聯盟 (B)非競爭聯
盟 (C)競爭聯盟 (D)競爭前聯盟
B 29.Which of the following is closest to the meaning of “distinctive” in the article? (A)ample
(B)recognizable (C)faithful (D)courageous
【詳解】
以下哪一項最接近文章中「有特色的 distinctive」的含義？ (A)充足的 (B)可識別的
(C)忠實的 (D)勇敢的
A 30.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? (A)There are
chances that two companies of a strategic alliance may run business in different ways.
(B)Hi-end clients are discount hunters attracted by huge deals and sales. They are looking to
buy a lot more than average customers. (C)In a strategic alliance, a new entity is usually
選擇建功‧15‧尊榮一生
formed and owned by the two businesses, and they each share resources as well as losses.
(D)One of the most definitive examples of vertical integration was Facebook’s acquisition of
Instagram, both see each other as competitors.
【詳解】
根據本文，下列哪一項陳述是正確的？ (A)策略聯盟的兩家公司有可能以不同的方式營
運業務。 (B)高端客戶是被巨額交易和銷售吸引的折扣獵手。他們希望購買比普通顧客
多得多的東西。 (C)在策略聯盟中，通常由兩個企業組成並擁有一個新的實體，他們每
個人都分享資源以及損失。 (D) 垂直整合最明確的例子之一是 Facebook 收購
Instagram，彼此都視對方為競爭對手。
第二部分：非選擇題（40 分）
一、翻譯測驗（第 1－ 4題，每題 4分，共 16 分）ˉ
（一）中譯英（8分）
說明：請將以下短文中劃底線處之中文句子譯成正確、通順、達意的英文，並將答案寫
在「答案卷」上。請依序作答。每題 4分，共 8分。
針對職場、校園及其他場域性騷擾情形，國內訂有相關法律。①若你感到不舒服，請直
接或間接告知他／她其語言及行為是不受歡迎的，並積極蒐證。在避免性騷擾他人方
面，請檢視自己對性別的刻板印象，提醒自己尊重其身體自主權。②若與同事或主管存
有權力差異，你不只要建立平等的性別觀念，還要避免身體接觸。
【詳解】
In view of the situation of sexual harassment in the workplace, campus and other fields, there
are relevant laws at home. ① If you feel uncomfortable, please inform him/her directly
or indirectly that his/her language and behavior are unwelcome and actively search for
evidence. In order to avoid sexual harassment of others review your gender stereotypes and
remind yourself to respect their physical autonomy. ②If there is a power difference with a
colleague or supervisor, you should not only establish an equal gender perspective, but
also avoid physical contact.
（二）英譯中（ 8分）
說明：請將以下短文中劃底線處之英文句子譯成正確、通順、達意的中文，並將答案寫
在「答案卷」上。請依序作答。每題 4分，共 8分。
Cyber security can be described as the collective methods, technologies, and processes to
help protect computer systems, networks, and data. ③ Specifically speaking, cyber security
is to protect all organizational assets from both external and internal threats as well as
選擇建功‧16‧尊榮一生
potential privacy flaws. Businesses should use different approaches to keep their business
data, their cash flow, and their customers safe online. ④Reviewing all software regularly
and maintaining digital identity properly help in identifying issues early and taking effective
measures.
【詳解】
網路安全可以描述為幫助保護電腦系統、網絡和數據的集體方法、科技和過程。③ 具
體來說，網路安全是保護所有組織資產免受外部和內部威脅以及潛在的隱私缺陷。企業
應該使用不同的方法來保護其業務數據、現金流動和客戶的線上安全。④定期檢查所有
軟件並適當維護數位身份，有助於及早發現問題並採取有效措施。
二、寫作測驗（24 分）
說明：請依提示在「答案卷」上寫一封約 120 字（不含日期、收信人、寄信人）的英文
信函。
提示：(1)你是高職三年級學生，最近班上同學討論畢業前的班級旅遊，推派你規劃行程。
(2)請你以 Sandy 的身分擬一封信，邀請你們的外籍老師 Mr. Smith 隨行，說明你們
的班級旅遊規劃，並請老師給予建議。
(3)信的上下款應依下列格式寫出，並將寫信的日期、收信人、寄信人謄寫至答案
卷上。
May 1st , 2021
Dear Mr. Smith,
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely,
Sandy
選擇建功‧17‧尊榮一生
【參考範文】
We are planning on taking a class trip before our graduation and we would like to invite
you to come on the trip with us. The trip will be two night and three days long, and we will
be visiting Okinawa. We will be arriving around noon on the first day. For the rest of the
day, we want to visit the local museums. The second day we plan on visiting the historical
sites around the island. We will visit the fish markets in the morning on the third day and
take the flight back in the evening. Please let us know if you have any suggestions for the
travel plans and if there are any attractions you think we should visit.