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臺北市立第一女子高級中學
110 學年度科學班甄選入學
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國文第 1頁,共1頁
國文試題
閱讀以下文字，依序回答問題（一）、問題（二）。
創新源自創意，創意來自創造力。心理學家歸納出創造者的人格，發現他們
多半敏感度高、有直覺的觀察力、求知慾旺盛、有毅力、自信心強、富幽默感
等。相反的，一個人如果固執、容易衝動、盲從世俗，可能就比較缺乏創造力。
妨礙創意的第一個態度，可稱之為「血統主義」。血統主義者相信一切事物都
應該依循既有的法則與規範，存在著一個「不可變」的正統，偏離了這個正統便
是不可接受或不可思議的。譬如，有人試著發明一種「咖啡汽水」，血統主義者會
說：「這根本不是汽水，從來沒有人這樣做汽水的。」血統主義者擅長發現自己與
別人的不同，也堅持拒絕混同。他們最難理解「組合就是創意」這個概念。血統
主義者經常說：「這是不可能的。」「我做這一行三十年了，從沒聽說這種事。」
「你休想壞了我們的規矩。」
創意的第二種障礙，可稱為「直線主義」。血統主義是一種有違創意原則的態
度，直線主義則是一種有害創意思考的觀念，以為新元素加入的變化都是循著直
線走的——這就是直線主義名稱的由來。
例如《點矽成金》一書曾經提到一個故事：發明「微處理機」的工程師葛
瑞‧潘，早在一九七二年就有「把整套電腦裝入晶片」的構想。他的上司聽完這
位胸懷大志的年輕工程師的構想後說：「年輕人，你難道不知道電腦已經愈做愈大
了嗎？」問題是，回顧歷史，電腦一方面愈做愈大，一方面同時發展個人電腦，
引起波瀾壯闊的產業重組——這個例子說明創意的發生並非直線前進，而是「聲
東擊西」、忽左忽右的，所以尋找創意的人，應該記著：「旁跨一步，海闊天空」。
創意人會把他眼前的路，視為立體空間中的座標，它有多重方向的可能途徑，進
入「刺蝟式」的探索方向。
（改寫自詹宏志〈創意的絆腳石〉）
問題（一）：根據上文，列點歸納並說明有哪些因素會形成創意的絆腳石？文長至
多6行。（占 12 分）
問題（二）：根據上文，你認為自己最具備哪一項「創造者人格」？請以「創意與
我」為題，書寫一篇段落分明、首尾完整的文章，內容須包含你在生
活中運用此一人格特質的具體經驗及所思所感。（占 38 分）
試題結束
英文第 1頁,共6頁
英文試題
作答提示:
請根據題組內容，在答案卷上用英文寫出正確、完整的答案 （英
翻中除外）
題組一: 16分
Linus Pauling won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1953 because he had pointed out
that atoms are held together in molecules, which later helped people to understand DNA.
In 1970, he published a book called How To Live Longer and Feel Better. In the book, the
chemist argued that vitamin C, an antioxidant, can cure common cold, flu, AIDS,
cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. That is, antioxidants seem to help fight off
disease and aging, which are believed to be a result of free radicals.
To see if this idea was correct, researchers began to conduct long-term clinical trials
with people taking different nutrients, such as vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, folic acid,
and so on. In 2012, a review of 27 such studies was published: seven found some benefits,
ten found no benefits, while ten showed unwanted negative results. For example, a study
in 2007 showed that men who took multivitamins were twice as likely to die from prostate
cancer. Another stud y in 2010 showed that men who took selenium and vitamin E sa w an
increased prostate cancer by 17%. What’s worse, one study in 2011 had to end earlier
because after four years of taking vitamin A and beta-carotene, there was a 28% increase
in lung cancer rates and a 17% increase of death rates.
Human biochemistry does not solely mean using antioxidants to neutralize free
radicals, which break and kill cells. In fact, free radicals are not evil guys that shouldn’t be
found in the human body. Instead, they are needed when food and oxygen are turned into
energy. Besides, they play an important role when cells grow, divide, and die. Also, they
kill bacteria trapped by the immune system. Without them, the defense of human health
cannot do its job well.
Are antioxidants all good and free radicals all bad? The answer is not just a yes or no.
In a word, the human body is not as ______ as a beaker: When the solution is too acid, you
just add some alkali to neutralize it. It just doesn’t work that way.
英文第 2頁,共6頁
atom 原子 molecule 分子 antioxidant 抗氧化物
cardiovascular 心血管的 clinical 臨床的 beta-carotene β胡蘿蔔素
folic acid 葉酸 prostate cancer 攝護腺癌 selenium 硒
neutralize 中和 bacteria 細菌 immune 免疫的
beaker 燒杯 solution 溶液 alkali 鹼
1. (T / F) Linus Pauling won a Nobel Prize because of his book that taught
people how to have a longer lifespan.
2. What does “this idea” in the second paragraph refer to?
(A) Colds can be caused by lack of vitamin C.
(B) Antioxidants can help people stay healthy.
(C) Free radicals are harmful to human bodies.
(D) Atoms are held together in molecules.
(E) Antioxidants prevent AIDS and cancer.
3. Which of the following is most likely to be the missing word in the last paragraph ?
(A) useful (B) different (C) complex (D) gentle (E) simple
4. According to the review in 2012, how many studies did not support Pauling’s
argument?
5. What was the reason that the 2011 study had to end earlier?
6. Why are free radicals good for human health? Name two reasons.
(For questions 5-6, please answer in complete sentences.)
英文第 3頁,共6頁
題組二: 18 分
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) came into operation in 1990. With this high-tech
telescope, we are able to study outer space more closely. It is an important milestone in the
field of astronomy, having solved many mysteries of the universe. The HST travels around
the Earth, recording detailed images of objects such as colored clouds of gas and dust
hidden in the shadows of black holes. The amazing pictures that have been taken by the
HST are sharper than images taken by any other device.
The HST is particularly designed to detect and penetrate different kinds of light. The
“eye” of the HST is made up by two curved mirrors, both of which are carefully produced
to reach a very high level of quality. When rays of light are sent back by the mirrors, the
HST’s computers develop images that show us exactly what Hubble’s eye is seeing. As the
major parts of the HST, these two mirrors require careful maintenance. The technicians
have to keep them highly clean and shiny all the time to keep off dust and moisture, which
might lower the mirrors’ resolution.
The large amount of data the HST sends down from 569 km above the Earth has
helped a lot with our understanding of astronomy. Unfortunately, the telescope is said to
be nearing the end of its lifespan. Aging parts must be maintained and broken ones should
be replaced, at great expense. Among the most important parts are the complex ones that
enable the telescope’s eye to be pointed at target locations in space. If the telescope’s eye
can’t be aimed well, all of its hard work will be useless. Some of these parts are no
longer working. In the end, when too many parts fail and the cost of repairs becomes too
great, the HST will most likely be allowed to fall and crash toward the Earth. Although
some parts will burn up when they hit the atmosphere, some larger falling parts could still
pose a risk to human safety. But without a doubt, the Hubble images have given us great
understanding of the universe.
telescope 望遠鏡 astronomy 天文學 instrument 儀器
penetrate 穿透 curved 彎曲的 maintenance 維護
moisture 濕氣 resolution 解析度 lifespan 壽命
complex 複雜的 atmosphere 大氣層
1. (T / F) The Hubble Space Telescope has stopped working due to the great expense of
maintenance.
英文第 4頁,共6頁
2. What is the purpose of the passage?
(A) To teach how to make a telescope.
(B) To explain a difficult scientific idea.
(C) To introduce a device in outer space.
(D) To point out a mystery of the universe.
(E) To inform about a new scientific tool.
3. What can we learn from this passage?
(A) The HST is able to clean the mirrors by itself.
(B) The HST will be made again in the near future.
(C) The curved mirrors of the HST can develop images right away.
(D) Not every part of the HST will come back to the Earth at last.
(E) The HST has traveled around the Earth for almost 10 years.
4. According to the passage, what are the two threats to the eye of the HST?
5. According to the passage, what images can the HST record in space?
Write down two objects.
6. When will the operation of the HST most likely be allowed to stop?
7. Please translate the sentence into Chinese: “If the telescope’s eye can’t be aimed well,
all of its hard work will be useless.”
英文第 5頁,共6頁
題組三: 16 分
Stomach ulcers are relatively common, troubling one in ten people. They are painful
and can possibly cause death. It is said that the death of Napoleon is related to this type of
illness. Many people think that ulcers are caused by stress or spicy food, yet it turns out
that they are not caused by stress or lifestyle but by bacteria.
In the past, people thought that stress would change the direction of blood flow and
lead it away from the stomach, which would decrease the production of its protective
mucus lining. Over a long period of time, this would leave the tissue below weak and
unsafe, and stomach acid would then lead to an ulcer as a result.
In the early 1980s, two Australian scientists, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren,
noticed that a never-before-seen bacterium existed in the bottom part of the stomachs of
people who suffered from ulcers. They grew it, gave a name (Helicobacter pylori), and
began to run tests. They found that when the bacteria were killed, the ulcers were cured.
Their opinion—that stomach ulcers might actually be an infectious illness—was
never heard of in modern medicine.
Marshall decided to become his own experiment. He drank a dish full of the bacteria,
and soon came down with a serious stomach disease. He tested himself for the bacteria—
his stomach was full of them—and then successfully cured himself with a course of
antibiotics. What people used to think about the cause of ulcers had been proved wrong.
In 2005, Marshall and Warren were rewarded for what they had found and their great
work, winning the Nobel Prize for Medicine.
Helicobacter pylori is present in half the human population, and in almost everyone
in developing countries. People may have this type of bacterium in early childhood and it
can stay in their stomach for life. However, only ten to fifteen percent of those who have
this type of bacterium would have stomach ulcers.
We still don’t know why this should be, but we do know how to treat it.
1. (T / F) Helicobacter pylori was first discovered in the bottom part of the stomachs of
ulcer patients.
ulcer 潰瘍 mucus lining 黏膜 acid 酸 tissue (細胞的)組織
infectious 有傳染力的 course 療程 antibiotics 抗生素
英文第 6頁,共6頁
2. What is the purpose of this passage?
(A) To introduce two famous scientists.
(B) To explain how to do a scientific test.
(C) To tell readers the cause of an illness.
(D) To teach us how to prevent a disease.
(E) To show how a disease can affect us .
3. According to this passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
(A) One out of ten people is affected by ulcers and loses their life.
(B) What Marshall and Warren thought about ulcers was proved right.
(C) After Marshall drank a dish of Helicobacter pylori, he did fall sick.
(D) Marshall and Warren were given the Nobel Prize for their discovery.
(E) The bacterium Helicobacter pylori was not found until the early 1980s.
4. What does the word “which” in the second paragraph refer to?
5. What is the unsolved problem mentioned in the last paragraph?
6. Please translate the following sentence into Chinese: “Their opinion—that
stomach ulcers might actually be an infectious illness—was never heard of
in modern medicine.”
試題結束
affect 影響
