Postpartum depression (PPD)
•Postpartum depression (PPD) is characterized by
depressive symptoms and syndromes that occur within
the first year after childbirth (Hacking, 2013).
•The current meta-analysis showed that the pooled
prevalence of PPD was 14% (Nisar et al., 2020;
Shorey et al., 2018).
•PPD usually occurs within four weeks after delivery
(O'Hara & Wisner, 2014) and can last 6 months or more
after delivery (Buist, 2004).
•Previous research has reported that PPD can last for up
to two years after delivery (Mayberry et al., 2007).