
四、閱讀測驗【請依照段落上下文意,選出最適當的答案】
第一篇
Some scientists have theorized that music evokes emotion by tapping into deep rooted psychological constructs
that have developed in our psyche as humans evolved over time. In UConn’s Music Dynamics Lab in the College of
Liberal Arts and Sciences, psychology professor Edward Large and his research team are exploring how music
communicates emotion inside the brain.
Neuroscientists like Large believe that music, rather than mimicking some other form of social or primal
communication, speaks to the brain in a language all of its own.“Our hypothesis is that music, because of its unique
structure, oscillations, rhythm, and tempo, is somehow able to directly couple into these oscillating neural systems that
are responsible for emotion,” Large says.
Nicole Flaig, a master’s student conducting research on music and emotion in Large’s lab, says:“It’s as if music
speaks at the same level as the brain. You have frequencies coming from either the tone or the rhythm in music and
those frequencies can, we believe, influence the frequencies of the brain. If those frequencies sound good to someone,
it means they are resonating more with the parts of the brain that control emotion.”
“So if we have music that is doing this,”Large continues,“then it is literally going to resonate with your happy
place and you are going to feel that feeling.” Of course, Large will tell you the whole process is much, much more
complicated than that, and both he and Flaig are eager to gain access to UConn’s new functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) scanner to probe exactly how the brain’s various underlying neural systems are reacting and
connecting with each other as we perceive and process music stimuli.
Large believes that the research could have implications far beyond the music world. Music, as a highly
structured, temporal means of communication, has much in common with language, he says. By studying the neural
processes underlying the perception of musical pitch, rhythm, and tonality, he believes we can gain greater insight into
how our minds process language and speech patterns.
“What we’re after is meaning, and how meaning is communicated,”says Large.“We believe music communicates
meaning much more directly than speech. Speech has a lot of these abstract symbols called words, and that gets kind
of complicated. Music doesn’t have that, which is why we believe we are going to understand music and emotion long
before we understand speech and emotion.”
【1】31. Where is the passage most likely taken?
From a review of neuropsychological study on music and the mind.
From a guide to how to compose music that evokes positive feelings.
From an analytical report of brain imaging and human brain function.
From an introduction to outstanding scientists and their contributions.
【3】32. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to probe in the fourth paragraph?
Communicate. Educate. Investigate. Resonate.
【2】33. Which of the following aspects of the research is NOT mentioned in the passage?
The main purpose of the research.
The expected results of the research.
The researchers and the institutes they belong to.
The brain scanning method the research employs.
【4】34. Which of the following statements about music would Large most likely agree?
Human beings should use music rather than language to communicate with one another in daily lives.
Music has the potential to convey far more complicated meanings than any known human language can.
A single note of music often triggers various and sometimes even opposite feelings among different individuals.
Knowing how music affects human minds helps advance the understanding of how human brains process language.
【3】35. According to Large's viewpoint, how are music and language different?
Music expresses emotions, while language transmits knowledge.
Music conveys difficult messages, while language conveys simple ideas.
Music can be perceived without learning abstract concepts, while language cannot.
Music requires deliberate efforts made to control the delivery, while language does not.
第二篇
Most cancers are detected by a cell biopsy, where a sample of the cancerous tissue is examined under a
microscope. However, researchers in the US have reported that they are a step closer to developing a cancer screening
tool that requires just a sample of blood. The test, dubbed CancerSEEK, was developed by Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore. It looks for 16 DNA mutations commonly associated with cancer as well as eight proteins associated with
cancer.
CancerSEEK was tested on 1,000 patients with cancers in the ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, oesophagus, colon,
lung or breast. The cancers were at stage one to three and had not spread to other parts of the body. The scientists
reported that the test was 70% accurate at spotting people with cancer. Importantly, the test raised few false positives.
In other words, it only“found”cancer in seven out of 812 healthy control subjects. This proof-of-concept study is
important because it proves the feasibility of developing a fairly non-invasive and potentially inexpensive test in blood.
And it is exciting because it confirms the usefulness of simultaneously looking for a combination of different
molecules—such as DNA, RNA, proteins or metabolites—that are complementary and increase the likelihood of
detecting cancer.
The drawback of this study is that it is retrospective. Blood samples were taken from patients already diagnosed
with cancer. And, although the test detects tumors that can be removed by surgery, they were not early stage tumors.
Only around 40% of stage one cancers were detected. The test also appear to be least sensitive for two of the most
common cancers (lung and breast), although this is probably due to the selection of biomarkers and can be further
improved on. Another limitation is that the test doesn’t tell where the cancer is located, but this could probably also be
improved in future versions of the test by including of other variables in the model, such as symptoms or additional
biomarkers.
As a proof of principle, this is an important and exciting study, but, before the new diagnostic tool is made
available in hospitals and clinics, it will need to satisfy the requirements for any new test: rigorous further evaluation
in large trials that would prove its effectiveness and usefulness as a cancer-screening tool.
【1】36. What is the main purpose of the passage?
To summarize a study on CancerSEEK.
To describe the contributions of CancerSEEK.
To introduce a formal procedure for CancerSEEK.
To evaluate the economic benefits of CancerSEEK.
【4】37. Which of the following statements is true about CancerSEEK?
CancerSEEK is a cancer screening method which will replace traditional approaches to detecting cancer in the
near future.
CancerSEEK is a medical treatment developed by Johns Hopkins University researchers that can cure eight
types of cancer.
CancerSEEK is the latest biopsy technology that applies non-invasive methods to examine cancer cells in tissues
and blood.
CancerSEEK is a blood-based test for cancer diagnosis which is under trial and has not yet been made accessible
to the public.
【3】38. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a drawback of the study?
Inability to identify the location of the cancer.
Poor success rate of discovering early stage tumors.
Insufficient funds to afford a more qualitative analysis.
Low sensitivity to detect the most common types of cancers.
【2】39. What does the word large in the last paragraph most likely refer to?
A large amount of blood extracted from each patient.
A large number of subjects included in future studies.
A large percentage of cancer mutations in each patient.
A large sum of budget granted to support future studies.
【2】40. What can be inferred from the passage?
CancerSEEK is less able to detect cancer once it spreads to other parts of the body.
CancerSEEK has a higher accuracy rate in detecting cancer at the second or third stage.
CancerSEEK can detect cancer from blood samples without examination under a microscope.
Before CancerSEEK was developed, no study had looked into RNA or DNA for cancer detection.
貳、英文翻譯【共 2題,占 50 分】
第一題:中翻英【配分 25 分】
現金不太可能太早被淘汰。硬幣和紙鈔仍是大多數國家最受歡迎的購物支付方式。但長期來說,現金
在與電子支付方式的對抗中似乎處於下風。世界上幾乎沒有什麼地方的電子交易增長速度不及現金。凱捷
(Capgemini)諮詢公司最近估計,電子支付在 2015 年至 2020 年間年增長率約為 10.9%。
第二題:英翻中【配分 25 分】
The prediction that 3-D printers will become a part of our daily lives is happening much sooner than anyone
anticipated. These printers can produce objects, even rather intricate ones, by printing thin layer after layer of
plastic, metal, ceramics or other materials. And the products they make can be highly customized. The education
system may want to speed things up. The time between predictions for 3-D printers and the reality of what they
can accomplish is compressing rapidly.