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請依下文回答第 43 題至第 46 題:
The technology entrepreneur Elon Musk has recently urged the nation’s governors to regulate artificial intelligence
(A.I.) “before it’s too late.” Mr. Musk insists that artificial intelligence represent an “existential threat to humanity,” an
alarmist view that confuses A.I. science with science fiction. Nevertheless, even A.I. researchers like me recognize that there
are valid concerns about its impact on weapons, jobs and privacy. It’s natural to ask whether we should developA.I. at all.
I believe the answer is yes. But shouldn’t we take steps to at least slow down the progress on A.I., in the interest of
caution? The problem is that if we do so, then other nations will overtake us. The A.I. horse has left the barn, and our best
bet is to attempt to steer it. A.I. should not be weaponized, and any A.I. must have an impregnable “off switch.” Beyond
that, we should regulate the tangible impact of A.I. systems (for example, the safety of autonomous vehicles) rather than
trying to define and rein in the amorphous and rapidly developing field of A.I. Here let me briefly present three rules for
artificial intelligence system that, I believe, can serve as a basis for discussion about avoiding A.I. harm (see more
explications in the following section): 1) An A.I. system must be subject to the full gamut of laws that apply to its human
operator. 2) An A.I. system must clearly disclose that it is not human. 3) An A.I. system cannot retain or disclose
confidential information without explicit approval from the source of that information.
The three A.I. rules are far from complete and are introduced here as a starting point for discussion. Whether or not
you agree with Mr. Musk’s view about A.I.’s rate of progress and its ultimate impact on humanity, it is clear that A.I. is
coming. Society needs to get ready.
43 Which of the following actions violates the second rule proposed by the author in Paragraph 3?
A university’s robot serving as a teaching assistant for an online course fooled students into thinking it was
human.
An A.I. engineer designed software to engage in cyberbullying.Anautonomous car drove through red lights without causing any accidents.
An A.I. Barbie recorded its dialogues with a child and kept them on the company’s database.
44 According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements about Elon Musk is NOT true?
Elon Musk believes that robots will pose major threats to mankind in the future.
Elon Musk believes it’s necessary to decelerate the development of A.I.Elon Musk is an A.I. scientist who refuses to take the alarmist view of A.I.Elon Musk is an innovative technology venture leader.
45 What is the main purpose of the article?
To explain why Elon Musk’s view on A.I. development is important.
To explain how A.I. development can benefit mankind.To present an alternative view of a scientist on A.I. development.
To propose new rules about how data may be mined by A.I. systems.
46 What does “an impregnable off switch” (in Paragraph 2) most likely mean?
An unfailing device to halt an A.I. system when necessary.
A fair mechanism to reign in the development of A.I.
An inherent bug in the software that causes an A.I. system to malfunction.
An autonomous airplane that can take off and land in bad weather.
請依下文回答第 47 題至第 50 題:
Japan has long been a pioneer in high-speed rail. It introduced bullet train, or Sinkansen, to the world in 1964 on the
eve of the Tokyo Olympics. But other countries have caught up. France and Germany developed high-speed trains that
matched the Japanese speeds. China has built a high-speed network that surpasses Japan’s in its reach if not its speed.
Japan plans to begin construction of its first intercity maglev line next year, linking Tokyo with Nagoya and, eventually,
Osaka. In tests, the Japanese maglev has reached speeds up to 580 kilometers an hour, the world record for a train.
When it comes to maglev, though, there is still question of credibility. With the Japanese maglev, levitation occurs about
145 kilometers an hour. That is when the wheels, shod with rubber tires, lift off the concrete guideway. Then the maglev train
floats 10 centimeters about the U-shaped guideway, held aloft and propelled toward bysuperconducting magnets.
In Japan, many remain skeptical of the financial feasibility of the Tokyo-Osaka maglev line. The Tokyo-Nagoya portion
is expected to be completed by 2027, with the Nagoya-Osaka stretch to follow in 2045. By that time the population of Japan
will have declined to about 105 million from the current 127 million.
47 In what aspect is the Chinese high-speed network better than the Japanese one?
in its speedin its reachin its costin its appearance
48 At what speed an hour does the proposed Japanese maglev train float above the guideway?
580 kilometers 110 kilometers 145 kilometers 127 kilometers
49 Which of the following is closest in meaning to “levitation”?
sinkingpropellingspeedingfloating
50 According to the passage, why will the construction of Tokyo-Osaka maglev line not make business sense?
It takes too many years to complete the construction.The decline of population will reduce the demand formass transportation.
The construction cost willescalate in 2045.
The line will stretch to themost populous region in Japan.