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41 According to the passage, which Ivy League colleges Mr. Jia did not apply for admission?
Columbia. Harvard. Princeton. Yale.
42 How does Mr. Jia feel about the student-recruiting process of these Ivy League colleges?
A bit disappointed. Greatly satisfied. Somewhat satisfied. Totally disappointed.
43 Which of the following does NOT apply to Mr. Jia?
Scoring nearly perfectly in SAT. A tennis captain.
A Harvard dropout. A Duke sophomore.
44 Which of the following groups of applicants – others being equal – has a better chance of being admitted to
Harvard?
African-American. Vietnamese-American. Korean-American. Japanese-American.
45 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
Austin Jia is a victim of his racial background.
Duke, though not one of the Ivy League colleges, is one of the top universities in the US.
Austin Jia is rejected owing to his unimpressive academic performance.
Because of cases like Mr. Jia’s, Harvard is being accused of racial discrimination.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題
Throughout its long history, Earth has warmed and cooled time and again. Climate has changed when the planet
received more or less sunlight due to subtle shifts in its orbit, as the atmosphere or surface changed, or when the Sun’s
energy varied.
Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century
primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels. The global average surface temperature rose
0.6 to 0.9 degrees Celsius (1.1 to 1.6°F) between 1906 and 2005, and the rate of temperature increase has nearly
doubled in the last 50 years. Temperatures are certain to go up further.
Earth’s temperature begins with the Sun. Roughly 30 percent of incoming sunlight is reflected back into space by
bright surfaces like clouds and ice. Of the remaining 70 percent, most is absorbed by the land and ocean, and the rest is
absorbed by the atmosphere. The absorbed solar energy heats our planet. As the rocks, the air, and the seas warm, they
radiate “heat” energy (thermal infrared radiation). From the surface, this energy travels into the atmosphere where
much of it is absorbed by water vapor and long-lived greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. When
they absorb the energy radiating from Earth’s surface, microscopic water or greenhouse gas molecules turn into tiny
heaters— like the bricks in a fireplace, they radiate heat even after the fire goes out. They radiate in all directions. The
energy that radiates back toward Earth heats both the lower atmosphere and the surface, enhancing the heating they get
from direct sunlight. This absorption and radiation of heat by the atmosphere—the natural greenhouse effect—is
beneficial for life on Earth. If there were no greenhouse effect, the Earth’s average surface temperature would be a very
chilly -18°C (0°F) instead of the comfortable 15°C (59°F) that it is today.
What has scientists concerned now is that over the past 250 years, humans have been artificially raising the
concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at an ever-increasing rate, mostly by burning fossil fuels, but also
from cutting down carbon-absorbing forests. Since the Industrial Revolution began in about 1750, carbon dioxide
levels have increased nearly 38 percent as of 2009 and methane levels have increased 148 percent. The atmosphere
today contains more greenhouse gas molecules, so more of the infrared energy emitted by the surface ends up being
absorbed by the atmosphere. Since some of the extra energy from a warmer atmosphere radiates back down to the
surface, Earth’s surface temperature rises.
46 What is the main idea of this article?
Public reactions toward global warming and the greenhouse effects.
How human beings cause global warming.
Global warming and greenhouse effects on earth.
Solutions of global warming and greenhouse effects.
47 What is the main factor causing greenhouse gases?
Petroleum. Sunlight. Vapor. Carbon dioxide.
48 According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true?
Sunlight is the main cause that increases the Earth’s temperature during the past 50 years.
Gas using could be the main reason for the increase in global surface temperature.
Clouds and ice cannot help the sunlight to reflect back into spaces.
The rate of temperature increase has nearly doubled in the past two decades.
49 Which of the following has the closest meaning to “emitted”?
exploited strained discharged garnered
50 Which of the following is NOT true about this article?
Global warming increases Earth’s average surface temperature.
Without greenhouse effect, the Earth’s temperature would be much cooler.
Burning fossil fuels and cutting down carbon-absorbing forests cause increasing greenhouse effect.
Lands radiate “heat” energy due to natural greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.