
102
高點建國學士後中醫
‧
全套詳解
2-
5
(B) Many Japanese died of diseases like anemia.
(C) The earthquake has inspired Japan to grow socially and economically.
(D) Northeastern Japan is still covered with haunting images of devastation.
(E) The 3/11 disaster has eventually brought little fundamental change to Japan.
(E) 33. Which of the following is NOT something Japan can be proud of?
(A) Its resilience. (B) Its technology. (C) Its culture. (D) Its orderliness.
(E) Its political system.
(D) 34. Which of the following is considered as a bigger threat than the others?
(A) Tsunami. (B) Typhoons. (C) Earthquakes. (D) Aging labor force.
(E) Social welfare system.
(A) 35. What is the author’s attitude toward postcrisis Japan?
(A) Pessimistic. (B) Indifferent. (C) Sarcastic. (D) Hopeful. (E) Interested.
Questions 36-40
Exploration of all sorts is rooted in the notion of taking risks. Risk underlies any journey into the
unknown, whether it is a ship captain’s voyage into the uncharted seas, a scientist’s research on dangerous
diseases, or an entrepreneur’s investment in a new venture. But what exactly pushed Christopher
Columbus to embark on a voyage across the Atlantic, or Edward Jenner to test his theory for an early
smallpox vaccine on a child, or Henry Ford to bet that automobiles could replace horses?
Many people willingly expose themselves to varying degrees of risk in their pursuit of certain goals,
like financial reward, political gain, or saving lives. But as the danger increases, the number of people
willing to go forward shrinks, until the only ones who remain are the extreme risk takers.
Scientists have begun to open up the neurological black box containing the mechanisms for
risk-taking and tease out the biological factors that may prompt someone to become an explorer. Their
research has centered on neurotransmitters, the chemicals that control communication in the brain. One
neurotransmitter that is crucial to the risk-taking equation is dopamine, which helps control motor skills
but also helps drive us to seek out and learn new things as well as process emotions such as anxiety and
fear. People whose brains don’t produce enough dopamine, such as those who are afflicted with
Parkinson’s disease, often struggle with apathy and a lack of motivation.
On the opposite end of the spectrum, robust dopamine production holds one of the keys to
understanding risk-taking, says Larry Zweifel, a neurobiologist at the University of Washington.
“
When
you’re talking about someone who takes risks to accomplish something—climb a mountain, start a
company, run for office, become a Navy SEAL—that’s driven by motivation, and motivation is driven by
the dopamine system. That is what compels humans to move forward.”
Dopamine helps elicit a sense of satisfaction when we accomplish tasks: the riskier the task, the
larger the hit of dopamine. Part of the reason we don’t all climb mountains or run for office is that we
don’t have the same amount of dopamine. Molecules on the surface of nerve cells called autoreceptors
control how much dopamine we make and use, essentially controlling our appetite for risk.
(A) 36. What is the best title for this passage?
(A) Dopamine and Risk-taking (B) Autoreceptors and Dopamine
(C) Motivation and Human Nature (D) Exploration and Dangerous Diseases
(E) The Dopamine System and Parkinson’s Disease
(B) 37. What do the words tease out in paragraph 3 mean?
(A) entangle (B) unravel (C) weave (D) satirize (E) separate
說明
說明說明
說明:
::
:
tease out
原來的意思就是解開
原來的意思就是解開原來的意思就是解開
原來的意思就是解開
(to obtain by or as if by disentangling or freeing with a
pointed instrument)
,
,,
,與
與與
與
unravel
相近
相近相近
相近。
。。
。
separate
一般的意思是將一群屬性不同的東西加以區
一般的意思是將一群屬性不同的東西加以區一般的意思是將一群屬性不同的東西加以區
一般的意思是將一群屬性不同的東西加以區
分
分分
分
(distinguish, sort)
,
,,
,與
與與
與
tease out
意思不同
意思不同意思不同
意思不同,
,,
,故答案為
故答案為故答案為
故答案為
(B)
。
。。
。
(C) 38. What can be inferred from the passage?
(A) The more dopamine we have, the more likely we will suffer from Parkinson’s disease.
(B) Not everyone has the autoreceptors which control the amount of dopamine.
(C) The dopamine system is crucial to propelling humans to take challenges.
(D) Those who love dangerous tasks often struggle with apathy.
(E) Risk-taking is not related to the nerve cells in the brain.
(C) 39. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a function of dopamine?