中國醫藥大學113學年度後中醫系英文試題

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中國醫藥大學 113 學年度學士後中醫學系入學招生考試

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中國醫藥大學113學年度

學士後中醫學系入學招生考試

英文試題

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I. Vocabulary and Phrases

Questions 1-10: Choose the BEST answer to complete each sentence.

1. The whole village was _____ by the tsunami.

(A) infatuated

(B) indulged

(D) inundated

2. He was constantly persecuted by his _____ enemies.

(A) implacable

(B) impercipient

(D) impermeable

3. The judge told the man to _____ from threatening his wife.

(A) desist

(B) swindle

(D) grudge

4. John told his roommates he’d meet them in the mall. Just kept their eyes _____ .

(A) peeved

(B) peeled

(D) piled

5. At the sound of the bells, the corps moved _____ toward the cafeteria doors at the end of the

building.

(A) en croute

(B) en clair

(D) en brosse

6. Plato, an important philosopher, is primarily known because he wrote down Socrates’s _____

conversations. It is through Plato’s record of these conversations that Socrates’s teachings have

survived and continue to enlighten seekers of wisdom.

(A) prosaic

(B) grating

(D) didactic

7. Although the twins look identical, they have widely _____ opinions on almost every topic under

the sun.

(A) disconsolate

(B) disconnected

(D) distinguished

8. The professor is a noteworthy intellect, and as a teacher she shows more _____ than her colleagues,

whose teaching strategies are maladroit.

(A) excess

(B) prowess

(D) orthodoxies

9. I felt an _____ with the writer from his descriptions of a world that seemed to have a great deal

in common with my own.

(A) apathy

(B) adherence

(D) acknowledgement

10. Although tranquilizers usually have a _____ effect, this is not always the case, especially when

the abuse of these drugs results in a failure to induce the much-desired sleep.

(A) soporific

(B) coruscating

(D) sedulous

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II. Grammar and Structure

Questions 11-20: Choose the BEST answer to complete each sentence.

11. _____ he cannot afford a car, Thomas rides a bicycle to commute daily to work.

(A) Unless

(B) Though

(D) Because

12. _____ I get your call, I will leave.

(A) As soon as

(B) At times

(D) No sooner

13. Bacterial spores germinate and sprout _____ favorable conditions of temperature and food supply.

(A) when encountering of

(B) when they encounter

(D) when they encounter of

14. North Carolina is well known not only for the Great Smoky Mountains Natural Park _____ for

the Cherokee Indian Settlements.

(A) also

(B) in addition

(D) moreover

15. Fire-resistant materials are used to retard _____ of modem aircraft in case of accidents.

(A) a damage about the passenger cabin

(B) that damages to the passenger cabin

(D) in passenger cabin’s damages

16. With a few exceptions the members of the Commission of European Contract Law have been

academics, but many of the academics are also _____ lawyers.

(A) practicum

(B) practicing

(D) practical

17. Actually, it is not very important for you to attend any of the _____ exhibitions.

(A) vended

(B) vending

(D) vent

18. Before they could borrow a large sum of money to buy a house, first-time home buyers had to

make sure they had enough money to be able to make a _____ payment.

(A) down

(B) base

(D) high

19. This is most embarrassing. I can’t pay the bill for my meal. I’m afraid _____ .

(A) I’ve forgot my wallet at home

(B) I’ve left my wallet at home

(D) I’ve quit my wallet at home

20. That’s really not my concern at all and I’m certainly not _____ the business of telling others what

to do.

(A) in

(B) out

(D) by

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III. Cloze

Questions 21-40: Choose the BEST answer for each blank in the passages.

The intuitive system at Amazon Fresh and Amazon Go stores allows customers to simply pick up

an item and leave without traditional checkout. This system, called “Just Walk Out,” uses sensors and

artificial intelligence (AI) to calculate purchases, and customers are automatically billed. However,

in April, reports claimed that the system did not use AI but relied (21) 1,000 employees in India to

manually verify nearly three-quarters of the transactions. Amazon quickly denied these reports,

asserting that Indian employees only evaluated the system and that human reviewers were standard

for ensuring accuracy in AI systems.

This situation highlights a growing issue: companies making grand claims about using AI, a

practice (22) “AI washing,” akin to “greenwashing” in environmental claims. It’s essential to

understand what AI truly means. Though lacking a precise definition, AI refers to computers learning

and solving problems after (23) training. One prominent type of AI is generative AI, which creates

new contents like conversations, music scores, or pictures.

AI washing takes many forms. Some companies exaggerate their AI capabilities, while others

merely incorporate AI chatbots into non-AI software. According to a tech investment fund company,

only 10% of tech startups mentioned AI in their (24) in 2022, but this rose to 25% in 2023 and is

expected to exceed a third in 2024. Competition for funding drives companies to overstate their AI

capabilities. Another tech investment firm found that 40% of companies claiming to be “AI-enabled”

in 2019 did not actually use AI. The problem persists today, with companies buying “AI capabilities”

but only adding chatbots to non-intelligent products.

An expert highlighted that the lack of a unified definition of AI contributes to AI washing. This

(25) allows for inflated claims about AI, leading to overvalued technology and unmet expectations,

eroding trust in genuine AI innovations. Regulators, such as the US Securities and Exchange

Commission, are beginning to address this issue, charging firms for making false AI-related claims.

21.

(A) of

(B) on

(D) to

22.

(A) dubs

(B) dub

(D) dubbed

23.

(A) extensive

(B) intransitive

(D) vindictive

24.

(A) baskets

(B) retreats

(D) gutters

25.

(A) rigorism

(B) ambiguity

(D) dogmatism

The status of images in the history of many religions and in modern media is mostly an embattled

one. It is mainly because images are thought to be untrustworthy: They lie, cheat, and steal. Whether

in Socrates or in the many critiques of images mounted by Jewish, Muslim, or Christian writers, by

Hindu reformers or by Marxist revolutionaries, suspicions circle around a tenacious distrust of images.

Images lie (26) as they selectively tell the truth, exaggerating aspects of it, or distorting (27) they

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portray into whatever priests, tyrants, or merchants want pliant viewers to believe. Images dupe the

unsuspecting, lulling them into views or opinions that are untrue. And images steal belief from words,

the revealed medium of divine self-revelation in the so-called religions of the book. As Socrates might

have put it, images rob belief in the logical procedure of discourse—the (28) movement of intellectual

inquiry from opinion to truth, cheating reason of its rightful place in ascertaining the truth of a matter.

Yet the distrust of images presumes something deeper about them. Images work their magic by a

subtle and often irresistible effect on the body: provoking fear, envy, pride, desire, obsession, rage—

all the strong feelings and passions that grip the chest or rise in the blood, creep over the flesh, (29)

as tears in the eyes. Images appeal to and rely on the body. It is precisely this that philosophers,

teachers, moralists, clergy, and parents have resented about the power of images. Images are

understood to traffic in the body’s energies and to threaten to (30) the strictures of thought and

conscience that moral authorities work hard to nurture and inculcate.

26.

(A) rather

(B) since

(D) inasmuch

27.

(A) which

(B) what

(D) that

28.

(A) progressive

(B) transgressive

(D) repressive

29.

(A) clear up

(B) match up

(D) sign up

30.

(A) overturn

(B) overdo

(D) overcrowd

Historically, Bristleworms have had a bad reputation among saltwater aquarium aficionados.

These marine worms usually enter the hobbyist’s aquarium by (31) a ride on a piece of coral. Once

established, they become part of the tank’s ecosystem. Bristleworms range greatly in size. The

smallest ones are about an inch long, and the large ones can grow to over 20 inches, although, being

segmented, their bodies are often (32) and so not usually seen at their greatest extent. Literature has

frequently (33) that bristleworms are harmful, asserting that they eat clams, anemones and even oral

fish. However, most enthusiasts now conclude that small bristleworms (34) no threat, and are

merely scavengers, clearing the tank from detritus and carcasses of animals that are already dead.

However, larger worms, particularly those of the species known as fireworms, are (35) eaters and

can do irreparable damage. These worms are better removed, although this is a challenge in itself,

as the worms are nocturnal and sensitive to light, and will go into hiding at the slightest disturbance.

31.

(A) attaching

(B) tethering

(D) lifting

32.

(A) retracted

(B) reconciled

(D) refrained

33.

(A) agitated

(B) precluded

(D) revoked

34.

(A) take

(B) pose

(D) contain

35.

(A) mendacious

(B) capricious

(D) voracious

All education systems may ultimately be judged in terms of equality of opportunity. This is often

referred to in the debates over selective versus comprehensive schooling. The main issue is whether

everyone has the same opportunities for educational achievement or whether (36) of one sort or

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another is (37) the system. League tables for schools and colleges may actually help unintentionally

to (38) inequalities, while claiming to promote the raising of standards. Inevitably, league tables

divide educational institutions into good and bad, successful and failing, resulting in a two-tier

system, or at least that is how the public (39) it. The ability of better-off parents and well-endowed

schools to push children towards the institutions at the top of the league may, in the long term, have

the effect of depressing opportunity for the less well-off or for children from home environments

that do not provide the push and motivation to excel. Financial support of different kinds can help to

make educational opportunity more equal. There are, for example, scholarships or bursaries that

make it possible for less (40) youngsters to afford tertiary education. Student loans allow

undergraduates to pay for their tuition fees and living expenses while they are studying. But few

would claim that real equality of opportunity has been achieved.

36.

(A) egoism

(B) aphorism

(D) elitism

37.

(A) inextricable for

(B) inherent in

(D) irresistible to

38.

(A) permeate

(B) perpetrate

(D) palliate

39.

(A) perceives

(B) aggravates

(D) aggregates

40.

(A) overthrown

(B) prejudiced

(D) privileged

IV. Reading Comprehension

Questions 41-50: Choose the BEST answer to each question below according to what is stated and

implied in the following passages.

There is a quality of cohesiveness about the Roman world that applied neither to Greece nor

perhaps to any other civilization, ancient or modern. Like the stones of a Roman wall, which were

held together both by the regularity of the design and by that peculiarly powerful Roman cement, so

the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive, monolithic entity by physical,

organizational, and psychological controls. The physical bonds included the network of military

garrisons, which were stationed in every province, and the network of stone-built roads that linked

the provinces with Rome. The organizational bonds were based on the common principles of law and

administration and on the universal army of officials who enforced common standards of conduct.

The psychological controls were built on fear and punishment—on the absolute certainty that anyone

or anything that threatened the authority of Rome would be utterly destroyed.

The source of Roman obsession with unity and cohesion may well have been the pattern of Rome’s

early development. Whereas Greece had grown from scores of scattered cities, Rome grew from one

single organism. While the Greek world had expanded along the Mediterranean sea lanes, the Roman

world was assembled by territorial conquest. Of course, the contrast is not quite so stark: in Alexander

the Great, the Greeks had found the greatest territorial conqueror of all time, and the Romans, once

they moved outside Italy, did not fail to learn the lessons of sea power. Yet the essential difference is

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undeniable. The key to the Greek world lay in its high-powered ships; the key to Roman power lay

in its marching legions. The Greeks were wedded to the sea; the Romans, to the land. The Greek was

a sailor at heart; the Roman, a landsman.

Certainly, in trying to explain the Roman phenomenon, one would have to place great emphasis on

this almost animal instinct for the territorial imperative. Roman priorities lay in the organization,

exploitation, and defense of their territory. In all probability, it was the fertile plain of Latium, where

the Latins who founded Rome originated, that created the habits and skills of landed settlement,

landed property, landed economy, landed administration, and a land-based society. From this arose

the Roman genius for military organization and orderly government. In turn, a deep attachment to the

land and to the stability of rural life fostered the Roman virtues: gravitas, a sense of responsibility;

pietas, a sense of devotion to family and country; and justitia, a sense of the natural order.

Modern attitudes to Roman civilization range from the infinitely impressed to the thoroughly

disgusted. As always, there are the power worshippers, especially among historians, who are

predisposed to admire whatever is strong and who feel more attracted to the might of Rome than to

the subtlety of Greece. At the same time, there is a solid body of opinion that dislikes Rome. For

many, Rome is, at best, the imitator and the continuator of Greece on a larger scale. Greek civilization

had quality; Rome, mere quantity. Greece was original; Rome, derivative. Greece had style; Rome

had money. Greece was the inventor; Rome, the research and development division. Such indeed was

the opinion of some of the more intellectual Romans. “Had the Greeks held novelty in such disdain

as we,” asked Horace in his Epistles, “what work of ancient date would now exist?”

Rome’s debt to Greece was enormous. The Romans adopted Greek religion and moral philosophy.

In literature, Greek writers were consciously used as models by their Latin successors. It was

absolutely accepted that an educated Roman should be fluent in Greek. In speculative philosophy and

the sciences, the Romans made virtually no advance on early achievements.

Yet it would be wrong to suggest that Rome was somehow a junior partner in Greco-Roman

civilization. The Roman genius was projected into new spheres—especially into those of law, military

organization, administration, and engineering. Moreover, the tensions that arose within the Roman

state produced literary and artistic sensibilities of the highest order. It was no accident that many

leading Roman soldiers and statesmen were writers of high caliber.

41. How did Rome’s early development differ from that of Greece?

(A) Rome grew from a single organism, while Greece grew from scattered cities.

(B) Rome expanded by sea, while Greece expanded by land.

(D) Rome had a democratic system, while Greece was ruled by monarchs.

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42. What does Horace’s question in the passage imply about Roman attitudes?

(A) Romans valued novelty more than Greeks.

(B) Romans were more creative than Greeks.

(D) Romans held novelty in disdain compared to Greeks.

43. What is the main idea of the passage?

(A) To compare and contrast the military strengths of ancient Rome and Greece

(B) To argue that Roman civilization was superior to Greek civilization in all aspects

to Greece

(D) To explain why modern historians prefer studying Rome over Greece

44. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

(A) The Romans made significant advancements in military organization.

(B) The Romans completely rejected Greek culture and ideas.

(D) Roman soldiers and statesmen were often skilled writers.

45. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

(A) Mighty Kingdom: The Military Superiority of Ancient Rome

(B) Greco-Roman Pantnership: Greek Influence on Roman Literature and Philosophy

(D) Paradigm Shift: The Decline of Greek Civilization and the Rise of Rome

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform healthcare decision-making but also

introduces novel challenges in patient safety. AI-embedded clinical decision support (CDS) can

improve diagnosis, including the identification of rare diseases, and offer higher-value treatment

options. However, it can also create harm. For example, AI performance may change when applied

to different populations, instead of those originally tested, potentially leading to incorrect diagnoses

or treatments for certain demographic groups. Additionally, improper training can result in clinicians

misusing AI, thus endangering patient safety. Moreover, implementation of new healthcare

technology can improve safety but may also increase medical errors. Likewise, traditional decision

support systems have resulted in alert fatigue, leading to medical errors. However, medical education

has been lacking in training individuals on integrating AI algorithms into medical decisions. Thus,

implementation science and quality improvement programs are required to emphasize the importance

of developing plans and using simulation to mitigate potential harms.

The National Academies of Medicine (NAM) defines patient safety as “the prevention of harm to

patients.” Despite two decades of focus, the effectiveness of patient safety efforts remains debated

among experts. On October 30, 2023, President Biden issued an executive order on AI, mandating

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federal agencies to develop standards for AI applications in healthcare. The Department of Health

and Human Services (HHS) created a task force to ensure that AI deployment reduces patient harm

and encourages continuous learning. This includes roles for the US Food and Drug Administration

(FDA) in software approval, the Office of the National Coordinator (ONC) for AI inclusion in

electronic health records, and the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) to ensure AI algorithms not violating

civil rights.

The requirement for hospitals to ensure patient safety is a condition of participation (CoP) in

Medicare and Medicaid, as by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Section 1861(e)

of the Social Security Act authorizes the Secretary to impose additional requirements if necessary for

health and safety. This involves investigating harms to determine if policies and procedures

effectively protect patients and whether these measures minimize harm while maximizing safety.

CMS, State Survey Agencies, or Accrediting Organizations investigate reports of abuse, neglect, or

noncompliance with health and safety standards. They also investigate critical events such as

unexpected deaths or serious injuries. Hospitals are obligated to conduct a Quality Assessment and

Performance Improvement (QAPI) activity if harm occurs. Although there is no separate statutory

authority to regulate AI in clinical care, CoPs for hospitals already require policies and procedures

for AI use, detailing qualifications and responsibilities of users and those monitoring safety issues.

Principles such as safety, transparency, accountability, equity, fairness, and usefulness should guide

AI and governors to ensure trustworthy solutions in patient care.

The Biden-Harris administration’s Executive Order calls for national standards for trustworthy AI,

developed through public-private partnerships. Local AI governance should provide organizational

transparency on which AI solutions are used on which patient populations to avoid safety issues and

inconsistent use. When organizations do not have the appropriate technical expertise to assure that AI

is used appropriately, they can rely on independent entities such as the proposed assurance

laboratories.

The CoPs also mandate governance structures to monitor safety events. When patient harm is

reported, the hospital should determine if the patient was harmed through a medical error or had a

poor outcome and whether the application of an AI tool or algorithm was a contributing factor in the

harm a patient experienced. Although new AI regulations have been suggested, the CoPs already

empower CMS and accrediting organizations to regulate AI at the bedside. If AI is a potential cause

of harm, hospitals must identify if the issue lies with the algorithm, hospital policies and procedures,

or staff training.

CMS can investigate hospitals and require corrective action plans if their processes and procedures

do not protect patient safety. If an error is due to an intrinsic algorithm flaw, safety incidents, including

non-harmful errors, should be reported to the manufacturer, with risks managed by the implementer.

Poor implementation issues must be addressed through the QAPI process, and safety risks reported

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to the manufacturer. FDA-cleared AI technologies require medical harm reporting to the FDA and

manufacturer. As for non-FDA-cleared AI technology, it will be important for the health care

ecosystem to think about the mechanism to report AI-influenced medical errors, with QAPI findings

reported back to the FDA and manufacturer. CMS and HHS must use their existing authority under

the CoPs to ensure safe AI implementation in hospitals, with algorithm assessment left to the FDA

and other bodies. While AI has the potential to improve patient outcomes and care, the critical goal

is to employ AI in enhancing safety, not in creating new sources of medical harm without a clear

mechanism for continuously improving and learning from any medical errors.

46. What is the main focus of the reading material?

(A) The process of FDA approval for AI technologies

(B) The development of new AI algorithms for healthcare

(D) The potential and challenges of AI in patient safety

47. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

(A) Both FDA-cleared and non-FDA-cleared AI technology requires a mechanism to report

AI-influenced medical errors back to the manufacturer.

(B) Both AI and governors should be guided under the principles of safety, transparency,

accountability, equity, fairness & usefulness.

technology would contribute to medical errors.

(D) Both hospitals and manufacturers must identity whether algorithm, staff training, and

policies & procedures are regulated to prevent harm.

48. What does the word “mandate” most nearly mean as used in the text?

(A) commission

(B) attenuate

(D) reciprocate

49. What is the author’s likely intention in discussing the importance of developing plans and using

simulation in healthcare technology implementation?

(A) To argue for the use of AI in healthcare without proper regulation

(B) To show that simulation is unnecessary in AI implementation

(D) To highlight the need for proper preparation to reduce potential harms

50. What would be the most suitable title for the article?

(A) The Evolution of AI in Clinical Diagnostics

(B) AI and Patient Safety: Opportunities and Risks

(D) FDA Regulations on AI Technologies