中國醫藥大學111學年後中醫系英文試題

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中國醫藥大學 111 學年度學士後中醫學系入學招生考試

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中國醫藥大學111學年度

學士後中醫學系入學招生考試

英文試題

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中國醫藥大學 111 學年度學士後中醫學系入學招生考試

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I. Vocabulary and Phrases (Questions 1-10): Choose the BEST answer to complete each sentence.

1. The pandemic has ____ a global health emergency and brought disaster to humans.

(A) triggered

(B) pacified

(D) persuaded

2. A hospital near Taipei has initiated a study to ____ the effectiveness of a third dose of a Covid-19

vaccine.

(A) reside

(B) explore

(D) grieve

3. This movie is touching on ____ that would have been taboo in this country before.

(A) symptoms

(B) splashes

(D) themes

4. Heavy snow ____ western Germany and broke records in some areas this weekend, Kenyan News

reported.

(A) pummeled

(B) duplicated

(D) deployed

5. The first major military ____ of the virus occurred on a cruise early last year.

(A) factor

(B) pulse

(D) gourmet

6. In medieval times, when chivalry was prized, the virtue of ____ was often found to be beautifully

portrayed in the form of a knight with a sword.

(A) fortitude

(B) multitude

(D) turpitude

7. Unfortunately, students are ____ about the racial prejudice on campus.

(A) compressed

(B) complacent

(D) complementary

8. Although the ____ situation is usually several hours old, it is very valuable for indicating the

general weather patterns the pilot must reckon with.

(A) semantic

(B) dogmatic

(D) syntactic

9. I stayed beside the attacker, keeping a ____ eye on him in case he decided to try anything.

(A) dairy

(B) bulky

(D) progressive

10. I read the New York Times regularly and find the incorrect reports and information rather

annoying and ____.

(A) retiring

(B) potential

(D) irksome

II. Grammar and Structure (Questions 11-20): Choose the BEST answer to complete each sentence.

11. If the science of a body of work is solid, it deserves publication ____ who produced it.

(A) regardless of

(B) in lieu of

(D) in progress of

12. There may be a new roof on this deserted land, but time is certainly not healing all wounds ____

of Hurricane Cabana.

(A) in the wake

(B) in parallel

(D) on behalf

13. When it comes to medical intervention for spinal cord repair, stem cells have taken ____.

(A) level crossing

(B) tenor clef

(D) en route

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14. This medical discovery in antibody levels and variant cross-neutralization has made the ____

page of the local newspaper.

(A) cautious

(B) predictable

(D) transparent

15. “Eat less” means consume less food, which ____ eating smaller portions and avoiding frequent

between-meal snacks.

(A) scrubs off

(B) stands against

(D) translates into

16. Janice wrote her first song ____.

(A) while she worked a porter in a bookstore in New York.

(B) while working as a porter in a bookstore in New York.

(D) while she was worked as a porter in a bookstore in New York.

17. You have broken the law; ____, you must be punished.

(A) amidst

(B) since

(D) therefore

18. Can you tell me the reason ____ you did not turn in your assignment on time?

(A) how

(B) why

(D) who

19. The owner does not allow people ____ in the house.

(A) smoke

(B) smoked

(D) to smoking

20. I think I am an interesting person and am usually eager to learn, but I just have little idea of what

the speaker is talking about. I am totally ____. Can we leave now?

(A) bore

(B) bored

(D) to bore

III. Cloze (Questions 21-40): Choose the BEST answer for each blank in the passages.

In real-life learning situations, knowledge is seldom ＿21＿ into different subjects. For

example, what we know about a particular river, we know it ＿22＿ and we don’t partition this

knowledge in our minds by subjects. In this regard, an integrated school curriculum makes our

learning more meaningful. This is not to say that organizing our teaching or learning by subjects

should not ＿23＿ at all. To enrich the learning of each subject, instructors should create ample

opportunities for students to draw on the knowledge from different＿24＿. ＿25＿ interdisciplinary

projects, learners will have a better chance to integrate and apply the knowledge from different

domains to address various issues in their life.

＿26＿, our instructors will design and implement an interdisciplinary science program for

our students. In terms of content, this particular 6-week program will focus on falling objects and

projectile motion. This topic is essential to the study of Newtonian Mechanics as it ＿27＿ the

motion of all thrown or falling objects on or around our planet. It is a topic that is relevant to students’

everyday ＿28＿. An understanding of gravitational forces is required as well as the basic concept

that a force acting in one direction will not affect an object ＿29＿ perpendicular to it. Other

concepts and themes to be explored include motion in a plane, forces, inertia, momentum, orbits,

中國醫藥大學 111 學年度學士後中醫學系入學招生考試

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Newton’s Laws of Motion and trajectory of a projectile. Students will be ＿30＿ that by the end of

the program, each group of 4-5 students will be expected to design and ＿31＿ a machine that will

throw a basketball from the free throw line through the hoop. Some class time will be devoted to 32

students for this final project, but much work will need to be performed outside of class as well.

Students will have to research all possible problems in order to design and improve their machines.

At the end of this program, students will be able to ＿33＿ the scientific knowledge and skills

related to falling objects and projectile motion. ＿34 ＿, students will be able to do an

interdisciplinary project, which consists of designing and constructing a machine with their team

members. It is also hoped that students are able to give a detailed explanation of how their machine

works and how they have ＿35＿ their knowledge and skills related to falling objects and projectile

motion.

21.

(A) compartmentalized

(B) revoked

(D) scheduled

22.

(A) holistically

(B) conspicuously

(D) curiously

23.

(A) delineate

(B) occur

(D) allude

24.

(A) packs

(B) gestures

(D) disciplines

25.

(A) At

(B) Through

(D) Around

26.

(A) In this vein

(B) Coincidentally

(D) Notwithstanding

27.

(A) puts off

(B) fires away

(D) veers off

28.

(A) eccentricity

(B) investment

(D) experience

29.

(A) imparting

(B) shining

(D) moving

30.

(A) informed

(B) ridiculed

(D) distinguished

31.

(A) penetrate

(B) roast

(D) sweep

32.

(A) tighten

(B) prepare

(D) denote

33.

(A) bide

(B) acquire

(D) misplace

34.

(A) Practically

(B) Regretfully

(D) Surprisingly

35.

(A) endured

(B) furnished

(D) incorporated

＿36＿ his diagnosis, Mike’s wife Veronica had made a full-time job of seeking treatment

options for her husband. And as of last summer, when Mike’s doctors said they had nothing else to

offer him, Veronica knew they’d have to widen their search. She ventured ＿37＿ the world of

experimental therapies, treatments that haven’t been proven but are promising enough to be tested in

people enrolled in clinical trials.

She canvassed experts, called up cancer centers, and spent hours doing research online, 38

she learned about immunotherapy, a new approach to cancer that oncologists are calling the most

promising in decades—and probably ever. Veronica read of an ongoing Duke University trial of a

drug called pembrolizumab that is approved and used to treat melanoma and was showing early

promise against cancers in other parts of the body too. It’s the same drug that just a few months later

would send former President Jimmy Carter’s melanoma, which had spread to his brain, into remission

中國醫藥大學 111 學年度學士後中醫學系入學招生考試

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seemingly overnight. In August 2015, Mike learned he’d been accepted into a trial for that same drug.

In principle, immunotherapy is simple. It’s a way to trigger the immune system’s ability to

seek out and destroy invaders. That’s how the body fights off bacteria and viruses. But it doesn’t do

that with cancer, which occurs when healthy cells ＿39＿ to outsmart those built-in defenses. That’s

where immunotherapy comes in. “Instead of using ＿40＿ forces, like a scalpel or radiation beams,

it takes advantage of the body’s own natural immune reaction against cancer,” says Dr. Steven

Rosenberg, an immunotherapy pioneer and chief of surgery and head of tumor immunology at the

National Cancer Institute (NCI). These strategies don’t target cancer itself but work on the body’s

ability to fight it. These therapies, administered in pill or IV form, trigger the immune system to fight

cancer cells while keeping healthy cells intact. For someone as frail as Mike, that was an especially

appealing prospect.

36.

(A) Since

(B) Because

(D) When

37.

(A) although

(B) into

(D) during

38.

(A) how

(B) why

(D) where

39.

(A) loose

(B) dignify

(D) mutate

40.

(A) spooky

(B) acoustic

(D) prophetic

IV. Reading (Questions 41-50): Choose the BEST answer for each question.

Passage 1

Repeated reading is a pedagogy originally developed to improve first-language (L1) learners’

reading deficiency problems, in particular issues related to reading fluency and comprehension. In a

typical repeated reading session, students are led to attend to both the phonological and visual

information of a text by listening to the oral reading of the teacher while the students are

comprehending the text. In repeated reading of the same text, unfamiliar vocabulary or grammatical

structure is revisited in context. This listening-while-reading technique, according to the dual-

modality input theories, can significantly enhance the depth of language learning and foster elaborate

memory traces of unfamiliar language forms (such as sound and spelling). In addition, repeated

reading of the same text, according to Bill VanPatten’s input processing principle, could endow

second language (L2) learners with an optimal processing environment for language forms.

Specifically, Bill VanPatten stipulated that there exists a universal tendency for bilinguals to process

(language) input mainly for meaning. However, if L2 learners only process language input for

meaning without attending to language forms, they will never acquire any new words or novel

grammatical structures. VanPatten also noted that L2 learners may attend to unfamiliar or novel

language forms, and acquire them if and only after they understand the message(s) that the forms

encode. This sequential view of input processing account suggests that in initial reading of a text, it

is extremely difficult for L2 learners to perform any form-based processing of new vocabulary or

grammar. This suggests that any one-shot pedagogical reading teaching practice cannot effectively

serve as the fulcrum for promoting L2 acquisition; only later (in the following exposure to the same

中國醫藥大學 111 學年度學士後中醫學系入學招生考試

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text) are readers’ attentional resources freed up for analyzing unfamiliar or novel language forms in

comprehensible contexts. The above account offers a possible theoretical foundation for repeated

reading.

It is important to note that repeated reading pedagogy involves rereading the same text several

times and that such a repetitive exposure may dampen learners’ motivation to attend to the language

forms. Stephan Krashen (2004), a famous linguist, proposed that optimal form-based processing of

novel vocabulary or grammar only occurs when learners are led to read several comprehensible texts

revolving around the same topic, and, ideally, texts constructed by the same author. In reading texts

of the above nature, readers are led to familiarize themselves with the writing style and expression of

a given author while accumulating the background knowledge (meaning) of the topic at focus. Thus,

in each subsequent reading, the readers’ background knowledge is enhanced; importantly, readers are

given a contextually- and conceptually-constrained context to revisit the form and usage of unfamiliar

vocabulary or grammar. Krashen coined the above approach “narrow reading”, which involves deep

reading in a given topic. Narrow reading thus diverges from repeated reading in terms of ‘the context’

in which the target vocabulary or structure is (re)visited: same passage vs. different but related

passages.

Apparently, the major and clearest advantage of narrow reading is that it is, in comparison

with repeated reading of the same text, potentially more motivating from the perspective of learners’

reading experience. Krashen even goes so far as to claim that narrow reading—the combination of

contextualized deep reading and guided phonological reading—really has a chance of leading learners

to go beyond “reading for meaning” and to further achieve “reading for learning.” Granted, whether

narrow input is unambiguously effective in all cases warrants further empirical validation. I

optimistically believe that the positive effects of the narrow reading approach can be expected.

41. What is the best title for this passage?

(A) An Introduction to the Dual-modality Input Theory

(B) A Developmental Account of L2 Phonological Development

(D) A Linguistic Approach to L2 Motivation Enhancement

42. Which of the following is not true about the repeated reading approach?

(A) Learners’ rereading of the same text will not have any impact on their reading interest.

(B) Reading a passage several times helps learners get a better understanding of the topic at

focus.

(D) VanPatten’s input processing principle is one of the theoretical tenets for repeated reading.

43. The word “stipulate” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:

(A) perpetuate

(B) staple

(D) manipulate

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44. Which of the following is not true about the narrow reading approach?

(A) It’s also known as the deep reading approach.

(B) It is a response to the insufficiency of the repeated reading approach.

reading.

(D) Narrow reading has been unambiguously proven for its pedagogical potency in all cases.

45. Which of the following word best describes the author’s attitude toward the narrow reading

approach?

(A) cynical

(B) obsessive

(D) hopeful

Passage 2

With every whiff you take as you walk by a bakery, a cloud of chemicals comes swirling up

your nose. Identifying the smell as freshly baked bread is a complicated process. But, compared to

the other senses, the sense of smell was often underappreciated. Recently, scientists studying olfaction

have shed new light on how our sense of smell works and provided compelling evidence that it’s

more sophisticated than previously thought.

In a recent survey of 7,000 young people around the world, about half of those between the

age of 16 and 30 said that they would rather lose their sense of smell than give up access to technology

like laptops or cell phones. So, what do we know about the sense of smell?

The Nose Knows

Smell begins at the back of nose, where millions of sensory neurons lie in a strip of tissue

called the olfactory epithelium. The tips of these cells contain proteins called receptors that bind odor

molecules. The receptors are like locks and the keys to open these locks are the odor molecules that

float past, explains Leslie Vosshall, a scientist who studies olfaction at Rockefeller University.

People have about 450 different types of olfactory receptors. Each receptor can be activated

by many different odor molecules, and each odor molecule can activate several different types of

receptors. However, the forces that bind receptors and odor molecules can vary greatly in strength,

so that some interactions are better “fits” than others.

“Think of a lock that can be opened by 10 different keys. Two of the keys are a perfect fit and

open the door easily. The other eight don’t fit as well, and it takes more jiggling to get the door open,”

explains Vosshall.

The complexity of receptors and their interactions with odor molecules are what allow us to

detect a wide variety of smells. And what we think of as a single smell is actually a combination of

many odor molecules acting on a variety of receptors, creating an intricate neural code that we can

identify as the scent of a rose or freshly-cut grass.

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Odors in the Brain

This neural code begins with the nose’s sensory neurons. Once an odor molecule binds to a

receptor, it initiates an electrical signal that travels from the sensory neurons to the olfactory bulb, a

structure at the base of the forebrain that relays the signal to other brain areas for additional processing.

One of these areas is the piriform cortex, a collection of neurons located just behind the

olfactory bulb that works to identify the smell. Smell information also goes to the thalamus, a structure

that serves as a relay station for all of the sensory information coming into the brain. The thalamus

transmits some of this smell information to the orbitofrontal cortex, where it can then be integrated

with taste information. What we often attribute to the sense of taste is actually the result of this sensory

integration.

“The olfactory system is critical when we’re appreciating the foods and beverages we

consume,” says Monell Chemical Senses Center scientist Charles Wysocki. This coupling of smell

and taste explains why foods seem lackluster with a head cold.

You’ve probably experienced that a scent can also conjure up emotions and even specific

memories, like when a whiff of cologne at a department store reminds you of your favorite uncle who

wears the same scent. This happens because the thalamus sends smell information to the hippocampus

and amygdala, key brain regions involved in learning and memory.

A Better Smeller

Although scientists used to think that the human nose could identify about 10,000 different

smells, Vosshall and her colleagues have recently shown that people can identify far more scents.

Starting with 128 different odor molecules, they made random mixtures of 10, 20, and 30 odor

molecules, so many that the smell produced was unrecognizable to participants. The researchers then

presented people with three vials, two of which contained identical mixtures while the third contained

a different concoction, and asked them to pick out the smell that didn’t belong.

Predictably, the more overlap there was between two types of mixtures, the harder they were

to tell apart. After calculating how many of the mixtures the majority of people could tell apart, the

researchers were able to predict how people would fare if presented with every possible mixture that

could be created from the 128 different odor molecules. They used this data to estimate that the

average person can detect at least one trillion different smells, a far cry from the previous estimate of

10,000.

The one trillion is probably an underestimation of the true number of smells we can detect,

said Vosshall, because there are far more than 128 different types of odor molecules in the world.

No longer should humans be considered poor smellers. In fact, many recent studies have

shown that our noses can outperform our eyes and ears, which can discriminate between several

million colors and about half a million tones.

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46. Which of the following statement is true?

(A) The view that our noses may play a more important role than our ears and eyes has never

been empirically established by any research.

(B) All young people would undoubtedly prefer losing access to cellphones over losing their

sense of smell.

which signals of the sensory neurons are transmitted to the base of the forebrain and then

to other parts of the brain.

(D) We can compare odor molecules to a lock, and (odor) receptors can be referred to as keys

that are used to open the lock.

47. The word “intricate” in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by which of the following?

(A) modest

(B) complex

(D) straightforward

48. According to the passage, the experiment suggests that an average person can identify more than

____ smells.

(A) half a million

(B) one million

(D) one trillion

49. What is the best title for this passage?

(A) Making Sense of Scents: Smell and the Brain

(B) The Controversy over the Role of the Odor Molecule

(D) A Comparison among Different Senses

50. Which of the following can be added to the end of this passage and serve as a concluding remark?

(A) Dogs have about two times as many olfactory receptors, compared to humans.

(B) Traditional medicine provides a way to develop our sense of smell.

(D) It’s time to give our sense of smell the recognition it deserves.