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請依下文回答第 16 題至第 20 題:
What’s so bad about being a target online tracked by advertisers? If you don’t mind being watched by tracking
company employees while you’re purchasing or logging into your account on websites, you are not involved in the
fuss. In the past few years, a dispute has illustrated. Advertisers collected such fine-grained information about you such
as the websites you frequent, what kind of products you’re interested and even some private stuff like political views,
health problems, and personal finances. Should advertisers have explicit permission to track people and
send behavioral ads?
In 2010, America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recommended a proposal that consumers should be given a
simple “Do Not Track” (DNT) option by Internet browsers. Consumers could tell advertisers whether they want to be
followed or not. FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would make a start on
responding to DNT requests. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer, Apple’s Safari, Google Chrome, and Mozilla’s Firefox
offered to implement DNT in top gear. Ironically, nowadays some privacy-conscious users may be offended by the
new release of Google Chrome for iOS disables DNT in order to have better speed and fewer crashes. Microsoft used
to say that Internet Explorer 10 would have DNT as a default; the company is reversing its standard now: DNT will not
turn up as a default feature in its new browsers.
Getting a DNT signal does not oblige advertisers to stop tracking, although some self-restrained companies have
promised to do so. It is much harder to distinguish whether someone is really against behavior ads or whether they
stick with “interest-based” ads. Some users may ignore DNT and press on anyway. Advertisers honor DNT but argue
that the decision should be up to users but not by browser vendors. Based on the voluntary principle of “Do Not
Track,” Microsoft, Chrome and Firefox leave “Do Not Track” off by default. Whether consumers turn DNT on or off
is not probably important all that much. After all, using tools like Disconnect Ad Blocking and add-ons like Ghostery
and uBlock are more effective if online users want to make sure that they aren’t tracked.
16 According to the passage, what is DNT for?
It effectively blocks the tracks of online advertisers for the users.
It helps advertisers track users and provide better online services.
It avoids complaints from the advertisers for tracking users online.
It sends signals to advertisers that the user does not want to be tracked.
17 What does “behavioral ads” mean in the first paragraph?
Advertisements that reflect the online behavior of a user.
Advertisements that honor effective online pricing strategy.
Advertisements that understand the behavior of vendors.
Advertisements that provide services for browse vendors.
18 Who belong to “the industry” mentioned in the second paragraph?
online advertisers information technology engineers
Internet browser vendors digital information analysts
19 What may be the reason for browsers to leave DNT off by default?
to make sure that the online users are not tracked to show that it does reflect the users’ preference
to support the advertisers for not honoring it to respond to the privacy-conscious users
20 According to the advertisers, who would have the right to decide if the DNT is turned on or off?
Internet company employers online advertisers
online consumers Internet browse developers