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42 Endorphins not only make us feel better, but reduce pain as well.
Studies show that smiling reduces stress and stress-related hormones.
We can even get the benefits of smiling just by making ourselves smile.
In other words, we smile because something happens that makes us happy.
43 Endorphins not only make us feel better, but reduce pain as well.
Studies show that smiling reduces stress and stress-related hormones.
We can even get the benefits of smiling just by making ourselves smile.
In other words, we smile because something happens that makes us happy.
請依下文回答第 44 題至第 47 題
Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos
caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals-and ultimately
humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar
dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the
billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have
hit it.
That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder
how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth’s interior as its crust moves
around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their
analysis in Geology.
Earth’s crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor
craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if
things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km,
which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take
seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids
were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters
are missing.
44 How large is the crater created in southern Mexico by the asteroid 66m years ago?
10km across in diameter. 85km in diameter.
7.4km in diameter. Not mentioned in the article.
45 Over the past 3.5 billion years, roughly how many asteroids may have hit Earth?
14 85 113 11
46 How many other craters of a dimension similar to the one in southern Mexico are known to people?
3
2 1 4
47 What can we infer about the missing craters?
They never left any impact on Earth. They have not been completely eroded.
They were far more than the surviving ones. They were hit by more than one asteroid.
請依下文回答第 48 題至第 50 題
In 1881 a young woman named Mabel Loomis Todd wrote her parents about “the character of Amherst…a lady whom
the people call the ‘Myth’: she has not been outside of her own house in fifteen years…. She dresses wholly in white,
and her mind is said to be perfectly wonderful.” So began the legend of Emily Dickinson, one of the greatest poets of
the nineteenth century, who was for years portrayed by biographers and critics as an eccentric recluse, a “little
home-keeping person,”a mad spinster who had been disappointed in love. For, four years after this New England
woman in white died in 1886, the same Mabel Loomis Todd brought out a volume containing selections from 1,776
strange and passionate poems, which had been found, neatly sewed into booklets, in her bureau drawers, and the
imagination of the pubic was immediately seized by the mysterious discrepancy between what seemed to be the
isolation of Dickinson’s life and the intensity of her art. To many, indeed, the “case” of Emily Dickinson-only eight
of whose poems had been published in her lifetime-seemed to offer a crucial model for the situation of the woman
poet. Eccentricity, reclusiveness, and most of all, thwarted romance-these appeared to be the conditions that might
drive a woman to what was, for women, the perversity of writing verses.
48 According to the passage, what was the relationship between Mabel Loomis Todd and Emily Dickinson?
They are mother and daughter. They are sisters.
They are a lesbian couple. It is not clearly mentioned.
49 According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about Emily Dickinson?
She was very popular when she was still alive. She was colorblind and could only see white color.
Her poetry has a very unique style. Besides poems, she also wrote novels.
50 When did Mabel Loomis Todd find Dickinson’s poems?
1886 1890 1776 1881