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collapse, collateral damage from the global financial meltdown of 2008. The unemployment rate spiked eightfold. Trust
in institutions, like the banks and parliament, plummeted. I assumed that the nation's happiness also nosedived.
I was wrong. "The economic crisis had a 44 effect on happiness," according to health scientist Dora
Gudmundsdottir, author of an exhaustive study published in the Social Indicators Research Journal. Not only did the
nation's overall happiness dip only slightly during the crisis, but 25% of Icelanders reported greater happiness. What was
going on?
I emailed Karl Blöndal, a newspaper editor I had met in Reykjavik. “A lot of individuals have been hit hard, pensioners lost
theirsavings.Butonethingaboutlivinginasmallcommunityisthateveryoneyouknowis 45 reach,”heexplained.“Those
who lose their jobs are not isolated,the risk of estrangement is not the same as it wouldbe in bigger societies.”
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請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題:
Words like stoical, practical and pragmatic are just a few words that could be applied to describe the stereotypical
Spaniards. The word “superstitious” usually is not on the list. However, once a year in the run-up to Christmas, it seems
that their rationality goes out the window and many people change their patterns of behavior radically for just a few
weeks. To understand why, we first need to understand “the fat one.”
“The fat one” refers to the 205-year-old Spanish Christmas Lottery, “El Gordo,” which is the biggest lottery in the
world in terms of the total prize money on offer. Its fund structure allows many more winners than other conventional
lottery draws. This hugely popular lottery draw first took place in 1812 and has been held on December 22 every year
since then, even continuing through the Spanish Civil War and both World Wars. Winning numbers are drawn by children
from Madrid's San Ildefonso school, which was originally a home for orphans of civil servants. The pupils deliver the
results in a song by picking and singing out a lottery number from one big golden drum, and then its corresponding prize
amount from the other drum. On this date, the streets of Spain are silent as everyone watches the broadcast of the El
Gordo lottery draw, a love affair which can take over three hours.
There are many superstitions about the El Gordo lottery tickets. Some people claim that rubbing your lottery ticket
against a pregnant woman’s belly, a bald man’s head or a cat’s back will make it a winner. In the northwestern region of
Galicia, lottery players hang their tickets on horseshoes. In other regions, people tuck their ticket next to a figure of the
Virgin Mary. Some Spaniards believe that the key to good luck comes in the form of an actual key, so they carry an old
iron key in their pocket with the lottery ticket.
46 What is this passage mainly about?
Different types of Christmas lotteries in Spain.
Different ways to purchase the Spanish lottery.
The long history of the Spanish lottery system.
The introduction and superstitions of the El Gordo lottery.
47 What is considered lucky when it comes to playing the El Gordo lottery?
Rubbing the tickets against a cat's belly.
Placing the tickets with keys by the door.
Donating money to San Ildefonso school.
Hanging the tickets with horseshoes.
48 Which of the following statements is NOT true about the EL Gordo lottery?
Some people in Spain become superstitious about it right before Christmas.
Its winners outnumber other conventional lottery winners.
Schoolchildren are considered lucky in its draw.
A great number of Spaniards participate in it.
49 How are the winning numbers of the El Gordo lottery announced?
They are decided less than 3 hours before Christmas.
They are printed in a newspaper.
They are drawn by Spanish civil servants.
They are presented in a song.
50 Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word "key" in the last sentence?
Pitch Tone Secret Response